脂肪干细胞重建组织的实验研究与其在医疗及美容领域应用的微小的界限

laputave

Reconstructing tissues using fat stem cells and the thin line between clinical and cosmetic needs
6 y: @2 ?1 \5 }5 i/ J脂肪干细胞重建组织的实验研究与其在医疗及美容领域应用的微小的界限; a0 L# d' `3 B- I8 L9 D) @0 K7 L
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来源：http://scnblog.typepad.com/scnbl ... nical-cosmetic.html0 O, o7 t: w$ s& n1 e+ p
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注明：由干细胞之家新闻小组成员laputave翻译，转帖请注明
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翻译正文：
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" q" {- K# B, E+ l- C* E7 fReconstructive surgery plays an important role in recovery from disease and injury by attempting to restore function or appearance to the body. While the use of synthetic materials is commonplace, the ability to replace or reconstruct using the same tissues from elsewhere in the body is desirable because it would eliminate many issues that occur with synthetic materials, such as higher infection rates and foreign body reactions.   
4 F5 a0 `; t% Y8 |再生手术在从疾病中恢复机体的功能和修复受伤皮肤的治疗中扮演着重要角色，尽管使用合成材料进行治疗司空见惯，并且，使用来自圣体其他部位的相同组织惊醒替代和重建的效果令人满意，但由于这这两种方法都会消除许多组织，并伴随有高感染率与排斥反应。
, H, o% A3 m. Q1 _. J8 g: WOne new technique being investigated in the field of reconstructive medicine uses an adherent, multipotent population of cells called adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). ASCs are isolated from subcutaneous body fat by taking minced tissue fragments, digesting it with an enzyme called collagenase, and then spinning out the resultant mixture to separate the stem cell containing layer. As a type of stem cell, ASCs can theoretically differentiate into any of the adipose cell lineages, making them an extremely useful tool in regenerative medicine. However, the extent of differentiation in ASCs has been questioned, especially in comparison to standards set by other stem cell populations.
! |1 a& v% ~+ e, H2 z. v' a" b再生医疗领域正在研究的一项新的技术是使用一种贴壁的，多功能细胞群,这种细胞被称为ASCs(脂肪来源干细胞)。ASCs可以从皮下脂肪中分离，先获得皮下脂肪组织碎片，用胶原蛋白酶处理组织碎片，搅动混合物，将干细胞与支持细胞分离。作为干细胞的一种类型，理论上ASCs可以分化成各种细胞系，这是其成为再生医学领域极其有用的治疗工具。然而，ASCs分化范围遭到质疑，尤其在与由其他干细胞系建立的标准模式的对比当中。
3 c6 E  A0 w( @5 a2 `While the supporting technologies in this emerging field are still undergoing development and refinement, some clinical progress has already been achieved. California-based Cytori Therapeutics reported success with a clinical trial to reconstruct breast tissue following breast cancer surgery using what they call “adipose-derived stem and regenerative cells” (ADRCs). The study was conducted across several European health centers and was led by co-principal investigators Dr. Weiler-Mithoff and Dr. Rosa Pérez Cano at the Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón in Madrid, Spain. The procedure takes fat from the patient by liposuction and then harvests and processes the ADRCs for inclusion in “cell enriched fat grafts” which are used to reconstruct the breast.  x5 t# r% |: L) @; W2 F2 L, H
尽管这个新兴领域的支持技术还在研究和精细化，但在临床上已经取得了进展。加利福尼亚基础细胞治疗研究中心报道了一例使用成为ADRCS(脂肪来源干细胞与再生组织)重建遭受乳房癌手术的乳房组织的成功临床试验。这项研究跨越欧洲的多家健康中心，并由西班牙马德里的Gregorio Marañón大学附属医院的研究者Weiler-Mithoff医生和Rosa Pérez Cano医生共同引领。这个试验的程序是用抽脂手术从病人的体内获取脂肪组织，然后，处理并得到ADRCs,然后构建形成用于重建乳房组织的“脂肪细胞充实移植体”。+ @; ?, r3 y0 e/ i
These early successes have not been achieved without criticism however, and some researchers are urging caution in patients and researchers interested in ASC based therapies. In addition to questions about the level of cell differentiation, a recent review pointed to unresolved issues in large-scale engineering and differences in stem cell purity depending on tissue source. Other researchers warn that some studies do not adequately account for the heterogeneity of the ASC population and how that may affect clinical treatments.' p3 |, F& r0 c2 [9 U5 V
不管怎样，没有批评，早期的研究不会取得成就。因而一些研究者敦促那些对介于ASC的治疗感兴趣的患者和研究人员们要谨慎行事。除了质疑细胞分化的水平外，最近的一篇综述之处了在组织来源的干细胞纯度方面大规模的未解决的工程技术问题。其他研究者也警告到，一些研究并没有对ASC细胞群的不均性及这些不均性如何影响临床治疗给出有说服力的解释。
3 M' g$ r: ~5 j/ f: K, A. rWith the growing attention to stem cell procedures in recent years and the accompanying rise of marketed stem cell treatments, both clinical and cosmetic, it is more important than ever for patients and their doctors to focus on well-researched studies and trials. As such, future studies in ASC-based treatments will need to address concerns about isolation, purification and differentiation in order to continue with progress in academia and industry.
  C' d- ^4 |2 t. D! S: ^6 e随着近几年干细胞研究领域受到越来越广泛的关注，以及随之而来的干细胞治疗在医疗与美容市场的火热，对患者及他们的医生来说，关注这方面的研究和实验进展变得比以往更为重要。同样未来的研究要关注ASC的分离提纯和分化方面的研究以促进其在治疗和学术领域的发展。
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