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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑
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8 p, U8 }% ]. V. f. Z1 B; c[hide][/hide]& ?# C5 j* \7 p' q- e+ M
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9 `' C2 p8 x( K! \0 p+ Q7 wCONTENTS$ r/ P0 `& S" R) Z
Preface
4 Q2 J$ S$ T3 ?Part One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes+ [. {$ f; A& c; O/ B
1. Introductory Concepts 3
) d4 a; a) ^7 ?" t+ ]3 M% Z1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 39 H2 k" K; M" M1 K/ u; a) }
1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 4$ v) q( R# o. P, \' F% [
1.3 Cell Organization 5 @ P& x9 `/ L
1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6" m& x G8 _: C7 T
1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 98 d2 N$ `# q5 x/ k8 Y( J) t/ b
1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10& y: s$ O" m0 X: U# _7 k
1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 11
4 j* s" Q/ W' \5 `" uReview 13
; V# _, k2 h' d) b2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 15
! i- {) U5 l# [+ K2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15
: }0 R. R* P R/ ?2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 16
( {8 J& o, ~- n* U+ j' J2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 171 y0 J8 \, u5 |$ `) `8 [1 f, G
2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 18' B. v, F% h/ K6 m6 U# h
2.5 Describing DNA sizes 19
4 t/ o1 }- E0 i; E4 F% k2 ~2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19
, l, j( R+ n3 z( F2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20
6 S% S) ~2 L; v& D: i; H% [Review 21) \8 H' Y' S, q( E' o: n1 y
Structures of Proteins 23
( D' d W; P- }% |6 C3.1 Amino Acids 23
9 u/ W/ Z7 w3 a1 h3.2 The Peptide Bond 25/ v! e& X) d- r& K# }- D' U
3.3 Structural Organization 26: m0 d( f" m$ a6 C K. L$ m) F- X
3.4 Postranslational Modification 27( {3 O9 K( J" `* C
3.5 Enzymes 28+ c% F" S# l! `- _ D
Review 30
" F* y( a( j2 s& R3 f& P! ]3 uThe Genetic Process 31
( }2 ~0 T7 v# d! c4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31
2 Z5 N& W6 ] d% |0 D- y4.2 Transcription 314 d1 G; h; e3 b8 b
4.3 Translation 32
$ Q- s/ v" _3 C9 L. S9 h9 c+ x4.4 The Genetic Code 33* A$ S I6 {, z/ p
4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 34
( \4 Q& q( L' C) d5 W$ q4.6. The Reading Frame 35
" {# p0 \* q7 b# C/ ]4.7 DNA Replication 37! Q$ i" u P" C. p) |+ F1 c) s
4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 38
- I+ w5 w' e; [5 P4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 39
4 s& S* w' h; p/ H6 Q% qReview 39
+ b6 @# I# R& `3 `& r) M+ ?Organization of Genes 41
* }# p8 u! [& M) h7 Y& e+ [5.1 The Lactose Operon 41: ^) X+ }4 e5 _" E, Y& n9 a
5.2 Control of Transcription 42
4 n. M% W9 r& X" [0 `1 e9 ]5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 429 V/ |& W; I2 q: j+ S/ Z
5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44
* j- i8 p! O8 A. p1 K5.3. Control of Translation 465 k. I" ^) v9 |+ q4 d9 ?4 j
5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46
- j& p' y6 ^7 y5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 47
8 d/ ]2 I2 R6 o1 {6 R$ N5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 476 Q Q2 t2 F2 G5 j- j1 q, z
5.4.1 Co-repressor 48& r7 b4 t6 {* k- F, |/ N
5.4.2 Attenuation 48
8 ?1 c P+ ^/ `( X. q5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 49
4 o4 u8 w7 F+ C; @8 Q* B8 V, ?1 N5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 49
, Z3 ]# z% O+ w( I8 Y0 y0 \5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 49
- U. i' E1 r5 n' D; ~: a9 {# F5.5.2 Introns and Exons 51+ `. j q6 y; u; p, X6 w
5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52: }3 [2 W' U2 n2 m
5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52
2 J' O% r Y! I9 k2 n, B: C5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 528 w+ Z! q# v3 K
Review 60
4 b0 b2 M/ j1 o3 ^6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 55
! x- q+ V7 h* s& R' Z8 C6.1 The E. coli dut gene 552 f! N+ Q9 ]- a9 G$ G+ l
6.2 The human bgn gene 58
- R; h4 g9 k+ N4 M+ B6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58/ L$ T& l- O0 \8 V7 h/ E
6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 62
: p$ p9 q; ?! T1 V0 s4 HPart Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning
( \3 F6 G& J) p( D* X1 {% ^7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 69
) R, A- ?5 H* t( S0 w4 d. `! ^1 y7.1 Restriction Enzymes 69
/ p, a4 t2 {, q) Q' d7.2 Ligase 70
" [% u% A( f5 S! w. t2 k7.3 DNA Polymerases 71
' x+ t7 x& L6 O3 m0 k7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 714 S' S% ]8 K0 U+ U
7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 73 d; P+ A) r" ^! h4 S5 f# k3 y
7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 74
: K& N. x$ d6 g: @! P- s3 y# f& }7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 74( l9 |7 L9 G- a! q! E/ v/ Y4 P# \
7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 74
, M- j) A, Q+ @2 P& DReview 75
! m$ X9 l% I+ k q9 a" @ [' m8. Techniques Used in Cloning 77
' `& U: G! i$ {* ~& F8.1 DNA Isolation/ H4 {4 e9 y+ f+ F
8.2 Gel Electrophoresis
6 O$ ?4 @$ {! a8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis* v9 c. d8 A" |# w- E5 _
8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
; t+ Y, G. g5 Q" b2 Z' b8.3 Wester Blot
- W! S- j7 G g, D) Q0 Z; Z) H8.4 Southern Transfer# Z6 M/ d/ X. ]3 j& x% A
8.5 Colony Blot! k* k. s$ t: V u
8.6 Hybridization6 E6 H; b6 i2 Z5 {9 J' @
8.7 Immunological Techniques
( W* I0 j9 U) ?% `8.8 DNA Sequencing( r9 T2 t" q; ] g1 F2 x
8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction2 P Y1 e. s J+ _3 O e
8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis8 R4 ?2 \) d- x/ ^
8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods
+ ], f0 Q5 E; n6 V* g& y- ]Review
3 V2 P0 j! H8 k9 I' C6 bCloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells1 ]; B8 Q3 L! R- E7 |3 z, \6 C
9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells
0 [. m) u% M. d3 \+ F; r9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 93
/ z1 q0 i! R! z3 J$ o8 [9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 996 n7 [. E6 G# {0 b" k4 v2 H
9.1.3 Cosmids 1048 W! I3 Q7 M$ z1 M' m
9.1.4 Phagemids 105$ W) \' \5 r: n6 @8 [. ^ j
9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 106
5 L, m- `* R9 h. j! { w' e$ y9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 106
7 Q, }! X3 x; u- ]$ d( r9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 1080 d# B. r' [5 X4 X! m
9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109
6 b& M$ G6 e4 x; E: H/ v0 {9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 110
' ]; N1 a r4 Y' V; v9.3.3 Genetic Markers 1117 v0 w+ |7 u) }6 @- d) C
9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 113
" B2 i K% Q4 e! Z! `9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 114
) O g) T, c+ r: G- |0 N- G0 x! m6 ]9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 114% _! d& Y! Z: r* A# L! {
9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 116
* Q5 t, v" }1 j7 q9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 117
. \: Q$ e" j1 j4 ~% T! x0 \1 r9.4.4 Retrovirus 121' C+ _& _7 Z" L
Review 1239 f9 _ O( B' a* A" G" t1 I
10. Transformation 125
3 a0 [& }. O8 G# i; R10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 125/ U/ r5 r2 n$ ?' F; _
10.2 Electroporation 1261 `& O. f! g, g5 n/ O4 i) r
10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 126
5 O0 m4 P( ?4 C2 l10.4 The Biolistic Process 126
2 g0 Q; ?3 g& {( I1 B10.5 Viral Transfection 127
, M/ O( Q1 w2 f3 W+ S2 W10.6 Microinjection 1270 o+ q! Z' Z- \6 ]& |0 K
10.7 Nuclear Transfer 1285 b) c3 V" N- E- a) K5 p# r
Review 129
5 l+ f0 F# O/ z2 C8 \8 n11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 1314 g$ \) v! n* U4 C; V9 Z& [
11.1 The Genome Library 131& S/ Q' P& \1 I/ U7 J2 T: T
11.2 The cDNA Library 132( \' C* H4 i% x4 }, a! A5 l3 R
11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 134
1 [9 I- e( l0 ?9 O& cReview 134
6 D$ d5 A; U' g1 w$ ^$ {- M( U+ `Part Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture7 w; l1 s% c( }
12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137
% q) U, d7 J" h4 Q4 ?12.1 Antisense RNA 137% Z6 u9 s* q# [% }& r# Z9 l0 P
12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 139
0 R7 [' q: h' f. U9 l6 [( MReview 1415 y6 k) D: d4 c. u/ A+ T$ g# U
13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity
0 y; R; p! [9 J4 j% `/ u13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 1437 y0 ^/ N& b k! b
13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 143
4 P5 @) C; A$ S. p7 ]" M13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
1 [! q: H' W. L$ i8 U0 ~13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144
6 q+ ~6 `1 K* L6 [8 R9 t& o13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 144
0 T5 R/ p, F, t1 U5 L1 r1 MReview 145& c- B& ~ D- P. _ a
14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 147
; Q" J0 P9 m0 X$ t8 @15.+ h- h: p2 M( S3 [
14.1 Glyphosate
) ?! I% I( A' S! c4 P/ @9 |4 m6 J14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene2 K% U. x) n# ~; c2 l' b% Q- I+ E: |
Review5 c0 D# O* @/ D4 M: E; G
Growth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish P) Q. j3 ?1 d4 A( h1 m- Y% k
15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish9 ?1 [+ [: w+ I" J+ c
15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth% u5 u8 ?/ Q# n5 k; ]1 q! R
Hormone Gene( |+ S9 f) q* W: L0 @: x
Review
4 o) j1 q/ b2 h4 N# _Part Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine1 ] C9 e1 K4 ]" J: _
16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 159- ]; R2 f/ Q0 T7 r8 t3 G, \
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 159
' s# _2 g$ p. _16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 160& x( v/ \, p3 z, m9 ^2 Z, N$ l
Review 161
( L/ g. Y' W' N17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 163
4 z) a7 A3 w9 I F17.1 Genetic Linkage 1634 u5 f* n w7 F1 Q
17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 164) z2 y9 s7 r: J+ a7 j: x9 z3 L
17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165* x$ @/ n; U _ ^/ ^! ?
17.2 Positional Cloning 165
5 G& l3 r, B1 i- {0 G17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 166
% |# l$ e$ r( F) c& {. _( A2 |17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 167+ r {9 k& e7 I0 c9 I" @: `" m o
17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 167$ T4 i6 |4 I' L: R, o
17.3 Exon Amplification 168
8 H: D9 n, I. N2 n9 [/ H; g; U! p+ B17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 169
% b$ W+ @7 w3 f9 w% V, V) d5 @Review 170
5 R) Q5 G8 v* g+ K- i18. Human Gene Therapy 171+ F' h/ s0 x$ m' C: C$ E2 T( a* g
18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 1724 E- P- l6 I% ]& x [8 Y
18.2 Biological Methods 173
7 Q m- P! ~$ X' C18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173
! R2 Z& L' Q* r5 _( Y' v, z" D18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 173
) t8 x2 x# O7 b6 |18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined5 ^ e* s5 ^' E- l" l! a: h
Immune Deficiency 1742 F& y+ X4 R: O* u0 o4 ?! b
18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 175
8 v* E8 w5 W ~18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 176
5 t* H# M& [% t% ?( t9 g3 B18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 176) M5 N F8 q% C% u4 ^) O
Review 176) c3 m0 l# o; _- ]4 \9 i9 g
19. Gene Targeting 1797 I0 C9 ]8 t% [$ M0 R$ e
19.1 Recombination 179
; M4 T) U$ t4 c$ ^" n* G% F19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 180
) f( y. j5 i" [# Q0 P19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 182% T7 y) M% r# }* Q' E, `$ y3 w3 w8 [
19.3.1 The PCR Method 182* m! S" a2 Y* Q' |
19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 1830 @$ H: C' t3 J7 ?
19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183
3 A7 ^* k1 Z- Z# o5 [19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 1841 [- Q. M& \* Z9 i( V- {' R
Review 1868 `: G* w5 |5 m! b
20. DNA Typing 187
# D2 @% K# ]7 l20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 187
c# }. K7 J5 B+ }2 I20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 1889 L5 O# @0 Q y' T+ G5 o
20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 189# H" s' o x) ^! w9 Q; r
20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 190: L/ J. s- t7 Z0 h
20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191
( E1 N3 ?" N) Q, E! y% s20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 192& n: D8 w$ g, ~+ C+ F
20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 193
, i1 y/ [0 W9 ] j" }: D: UReview 196$ j% K/ L$ _7 V
21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical
, Q% n+ w9 g7 K4 C( a/ G4 y2 wProducts 1977 ~: W2 h/ j I8 @) |+ Z) I
21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic) h/ M0 m5 i: h* t: C
Animals 198$ x" u# @- P4 B" P% \! c
21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198
$ d$ U* t- F$ `2 S9 K* {Review 199
* ^6 Z8 y5 e% ^, L% L8 l22. Animal Cloning 2014 r; X* F( e- H- V% B
22.1 Cell Differentiation 201
6 M; a4 s, [" |* r1 w/ O22.2 Nuclear Transfer 202
0 e) `" b [, P6 h22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 203" i4 Y- L: l9 C7 M0 v7 ]1 T
Review 204& Y% o0 j1 D. [3 j' ?
23. Human Genome Sequencing 205
# N" K+ n" V' D$ s: A0 A23.1 Genetic Maps 2057 _0 h- S3 Z2 [! _- W0 ^+ n1 Z" z
23.1.1 DNA Markers 206
+ C: y, W( e2 c9 W23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 206
; E6 f4 x, M/ m; X23.2 Physical Maps 207
# A* R( B* t7 ?' [23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 2074 U: b& m0 ]- ?8 @' M
23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 2088 d8 ], ~& p1 c
23.2.3 Clone Libraries 2081 C4 |, k J( w+ m
23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209+ X6 |3 X6 f2 F- m' L2 l" D) {
23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 210' a! ?0 t3 ^- u% c0 l3 _+ |
23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 2114 f" f/ j/ W9 k5 X: S- W$ v/ c$ u
23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 211. i0 v& S% _: [# G& Q
23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212
( L4 C. w7 J8 {$ eReview 213 s1 {* w: a8 Q) X. p- Q
References 2157 K6 _/ y$ D- R/ D3 P
Index 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
