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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-2-12 19:20 编辑
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: Q: Y/ H3 B: [; b4 D+ B发育遗传学:该书为干细胞研究的牛人讲述了基因如何影响个体发育和器官发生的,以及新技术如何加深人们对发育机理的认识的。一个较高层次的学术专著,值得一看和参考。
! X3 t! N: J/ g+ H, T, ?8 D9 O& IThe field of developmental genetics, or the study of how genes influence the developmental processes of an organism, has been influenced by new technologies and by interactions with other fields of study throughout its history. The concept of a genetic basis of development began in “modern” times at the intersection of descriptive embryology and cytology. Modern histological techniques were developed in the mid-19th century, largely by Wilhelm His so that he could study cell division in the neural tube, which enabled visuali- zation of the cell nucleus, chromosomes, and the discrete steps of mitosis. Theodor Boveri cleverly applied these improved microscopic techniques to transparent marine embryos to demonstrate that each parent contributes equivalent groups of chromosomes to the zygote, and that each chromosome is an independently inherited unit. Importantly, he noted that if an embryo contains the incorrect number or improper combination of chromosomes, it develops abnormally.An important advance in the past decade is the demonstration that genes that regulate developmental processes in invertebrate species have important developmental functions in vertebrates. The wealth of information concerning the molecular genetic processes that regulate development in various animals demonstrates that developmental programs and biological processes are high- ly conserved, albeit not identical, from yeast to human. Indeed, the Human Genome Project has made it possible to identify the homologues in humans and demonstrate that many of these regulatory genes underlie human develop- mental disorders and aspects of adult diseases in which differentiation pro- cesses go awry. Currently, researchers are studying the fundamentals of developmental processes in the appropriate animal model and screening humans for mutations in the genes identified by the basic research to be likely causative candidates. Researchers are mutagenizing vertebrate animal models and screening for mutants that resemble known human syndromes. This cross-fertilization of fields is also impacting concepts in evolutionary biology, leading to a better understanding of “ancestral” species via gene expression profiles, and paradigms in stem cell biology in which naı ̈ve cells may be direct- ed to “designer” lineages.
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