PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

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- }6 R- Y4 f  hPreface) ~  |5 S) i+ T3 d) T/ }; G! p$ l
XV
! d2 o' P' n4 m+ ZWe all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or: V% W: S- ~/ a# _) I; c& r/ d
environmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how
, j0 P" O+ I) i5 tthese environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to+ C0 j& f& ^5 u9 P( z8 W
determine health or the development of diseases.! }* o4 U. [) L: |% o
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence6 q3 m1 d" ^) s- E& ?. m3 \
the health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit3 @8 q  v3 O& o4 P# x
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of
2 P1 h/ ]) j8 N- R7 qour unborn descendants?1 J  l& @' z, d, y( p6 z( w
Does nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine
2 \6 \5 D+ i; s2 ]functions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this
/ ]1 b  b0 v1 C8 Y9 x- hinfl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is
/ U& M! H$ T! T- [6 i8 Ythere an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
) E( a6 w/ |# u% pmain questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences
' B8 k! {  H* R* tlinking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.
- F! X. z9 }7 p+ {3 b+ Q; eintegratedhealthcare.eu ).
# Q  m" J6 ~) g6 d' Q7 V% cIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the) x" Q4 _  D! @4 _( d4 {
Environmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it
' e( b7 G' J  zhas become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide, }0 o  d, E4 v* }& a7 b7 W2 V) Q
distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to
6 Q  w* |% J* X4 z3 h( ~8 B! ^many other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,7 ]* c3 b1 c* K! \
such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,% m+ L% r' V, o* Z5 C
and agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.1 C& B. G, H1 ~4 e& Y* i
html ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and
0 N, X; l  f" Q4 u8 Otechnological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and$ G8 J2 v- v  ]8 p
scientifi c interest.
; @  y) m. R) ]. ]There are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of
5 O3 }1 X: U: M6 I4 b( lepigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of
9 q) u/ W& |- T* sVienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and2 W# ^( w1 w0 }% D- @0 Q; h
molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
1 L- D* Q9 w1 s; r, _$ K: o# jenvironmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.
8 m% L" i+ I9 X* n+ X* S$ l, `Clearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even
' h  ^! U' n: L+ x. dcorrect epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary
( F& \- ~5 M! D, b! Zconcepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the
5 m& B2 m' o& k0 g" {work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary/ W2 n3 w9 O( G) ~, F4 c
genetic dispositions can only be respected.
1 b- R1 F2 n, _/ IThis book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding
& `, n  x8 ]) g( aof epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,+ X9 |& w+ j: J; V2 s( D
toxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It
; g! M7 e1 N: I! Z5 S9 r5 Zfocuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different; x/ h0 A% J8 ]$ z& Y1 b
areas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.
6 T* q: h; c0 lThe articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts9 O/ ?$ z& o; A' N& I4 |
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,% ]  N3 z6 C# G5 c& j% B
nutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on. i7 h1 C2 ?; X2 n0 V
environmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.
  }6 A' n, i6 RIn Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions
4 \/ d8 p3 [% b/ ~! Mis detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious1 x% I2 s# x$ w! Y9 Y
diseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts% a7 B9 S4 n4 u  D# h9 S
to translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies
- c0 p2 u7 f$ K. aincluding principal ethical aspects.
( a" N% z* {1 v& V: t8 _% `/ uThe book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,
' s; Q3 S5 b2 Q8 P. kgeneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard+ H; E- l! N9 Z" }( _5 F
setting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers3 F: Y6 b$ t6 ^
interested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.
* v& {( }2 [1 Q2 o7 b5 R6 aThe major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions
7 Z+ Y. c" U6 f5 O9 }* e3 Ebetween hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge
/ b3 m8 k( ^  ?4 i5 F- k) L" Rgaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic0 W' J7 D+ o* c3 v0 ~
and biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,
0 H' y) I3 j+ T6 a0 \" E. Pconservation biology and environmental health on the other.
" f1 V; j7 f" z* b- Z0 a) PWe thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
% r/ B. y5 X5 u$ P  A1 Y- |1 ]distinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.
- r8 |9 m$ \+ ]6 QWe do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging# ?# }, i9 _, E3 P1 {+ F8 I
and exciting fi elds of epigenetics!
* U2 y8 G2 J0 n) U. \Vienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger- H5 @4 B/ d, [0 X$ p9 h9 X
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