Latest News of H1N1

linxingxing

H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and You
) U- f% n* o6 m3 M- @, N# kMay 3, 2009 10:15 AM ET5 c; e( M* A6 h6 A# }, ~& d
& E1 Z6 X3 e- l1 K! b. W
What is H1N1 (swine flu)?
' q! h8 E0 r! C( P& b7 p2 KH1N1 (referred to as “swine flu” early on) is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in April 2009 in the United States. Other countries, including Mexico and Canada, have reported people sick with this new virus. This virus is spreading from person-to-person, probably in much the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread.
6 F, ^0 M+ t! P
! U/ Q1 w9 j$ T9 uWhy is this new H1N1 virus sometimes called “swine flu”?1 S* x9 T. R  Y
This virus was originally referred to as “swine flu” because laboratory testing showed that many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs in North America. But further study has shown that this new virus is very different from what normally circulates in North American pigs. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and avian genes and human genes. Scientists call this a “quadruple reassortant” virus.
% a; O6 r2 q0 q: o7 p4 j" p; P+ X; V/ R1 U5 @+ G
Do pigs carry this virus and can I catch this virus from a pig?
4 _0 N) v1 m% _# qAt this time, there is no evidence that swine in the United States are infected with this new virus. However, there are flu viruses that commonly cause outbreaks of illness in pigs. Most of the time, these viruses do not infect people, but influenza viruses can spread back and forth between pigs and people.
' l! D0 J; u0 C5 k; }* L& b8 N9 L$ m/ o
Are there human infections with this H1N1 virus in the U.S.?! e3 U2 e& x! `; m# W8 y8 S
Yes. Cases of human infection with this H1N1 influenza virus were first confirmed in the U.S. in Southern California and near Guadalupe County, Texas. The outbreak intensified rapidly from that time and more and more states have been reporting cases of illness from this virus. An updated case count of confirmed novel H1N1 flu infections in the United States is kept at http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/investigation.htm. CDC and local and state health agencies are working together to investigate this situation. 7 D4 u, O* L/ f* a. Y- i. x
: e5 W( w8 o/ J& i# \+ v
Is this new H1N1 virus contagious?
) Z9 ^! z3 w' U) W# m$ Z, oCDC has determined that this new H1N1 virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it is not known how easily the virus spreads between people.4 l0 r! O6 h- N- k. b$ \! A
& l1 p, z% m7 S" w! _+ L; J) z
What are the signs and symptoms of this virus in people?
6 l- E! B) q0 J% WThe symptoms of this new influenza A H1N1 virus in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this virus also have reported diarrhea and vomiting.  Also, like seasonal flu, severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus.
4 F6 L, @( ]  @
. M3 p! y3 W7 ^1 l+ U9 c6 }4 _How severe is illness associated with this new H1N1 virus?/ e6 O8 L4 ]1 j$ `: \
It’s not known at this time how severe this virus will be in the general population. CDC is studying the medical histories of people who have been infected with this virus to determine whether some people may be at greater risk from infection, serious illness or hospitalization from the virus. In seasonal flu, there are certain people that are at higher risk of serious flu-related complications. This includes young children, pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions and people 65 and older. It’s unknown at this time whether certain groups of people are at greater risk of serious flu-related complications from infection with this new virus. CDC also is conducting laboratory studies to see if certain people might have natural immunity to this virus, depending on their age.
/ X) f8 g. L0 ~% x% `
# E2 S$ P9 ^! y9 V( h" u3 iHow does this new H1N1 virus spread? 7 L  q6 m7 w: _! R1 {7 g( j8 s
Spread of this H1N1 virus is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.8 a4 K' ~$ O4 e& }5 o' F# x( k

; E/ J* o: B; w; b1 tCan I get infected with this new H1N1 virus from eating or preparing pork?. ]3 d% w) m$ p4 m/ g& I# E" O" p" z
No. H1N1 viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get this new HIN1 virus from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe.
2 E8 k1 o9 x5 Q! v% O) [
9 I- c7 f- X: y: W" U/ ~" QIs there a risk from drinking water?  `- v5 c& e' E0 ~
Tap water that has been treated by conventional disinfection processes does not likely pose a risk for transmission of influenza viruses. Current drinking water treatment regulations provide a high degree of protection from viruses. No research has been completed on the susceptibility of the novel H1N1 flu virus to conventional drinking water treatment processes. However, recent studies have demonstrated that free chlorine levels typically used in drinking water treatment are adequate to inactivate highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza. It is likely that other influenza viruses such as novel H1N1 would also be similarly inactivated by chlorination. To date, there have been no documented human cases of influenza caused by exposure to influenza-contaminated drinking water.: q" Q7 f/ i/ O" e; ^% m8 r

% F& @) r  m* q6 S) p5 r6 GCan the novel H1N1 flu virus be spread through water in swimming pools, spas, water parks, interactive fountains, and other treated recreational water venues?
0 x' u4 E% [. |  x" rRecreational water that has been treated at CDC recommended disinfectant levels (1–3 parts per million [ppm or mg/L] for pools and 2–5 ppm for spas) does not likely pose a risk for transmission of influenza viruses. Currently, there are no documented human cases of influenza caused by exposure to influenza-contaminated swimming pool water. No research has been completed on the susceptibility of the novel H1N1 flu virus to chlorine and other disinfectants used in swimming pools, spas, water parks, interactive fountains, and other treated recreational venues. However, recent studies have demonstrated that free chlorine levels recommended by CDC are adequate to disinfect highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. It is likely that other influenza viruses such as the novel H1N1 flu virus would also be disinfected by these chlorine levels.
3 K  p" r& w7 P  U7 V
4 \+ }# f1 x. sCan H1N1 influenza virus be spread at recreational water venues outside of the water?3 _- ^. o7 e9 p! ?0 f3 R1 Z
Yes, recreational water venues are no different than any other group setting. The spread of this novel H1N1 flu is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing of people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
* i( S2 h! T% [+ U
8 v1 o( J$ b5 ?3 w% x9 m, U. X$ @What should I do to keep from getting the flu?
  D+ m$ d- L0 ~* KFirst and most important: wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not to touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
8 x, O& H9 ~+ m: x7 q- A8 j) ~. ]1 e) I0 j5 h9 C" E+ z5 S

7 e* z) h: H0 O0 D7 n9 m1 tAre there medicines to treat infection with this new virus?. V0 z0 }6 Y/ k7 s" ?! M- I
Yes. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these new influenza A (H1N1) viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. During the current outbreak, the priority use for influenza antiviral drugs during is to treat severe influenza illness.
; B; T% g, B; H& h* i5 k& O4 [( Q
2 N3 a; p0 ], _* Y9 S3 l! J" sHow long can an infected person spread this virus to others?2 u* C9 W$ s) Q& z. J
At the current time, CDC believes that this virus has the same properties in terms of spread as seasonal flu viruses. With seasonal flu, studies have shown that people may be contagious from one day before they develop symptoms to up to 7 days after they get sick.  Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods. CDC is studying the virus and its capabilities to try to learn more and will provide more information as it becomes available.
- R1 G( l% z5 L" Z- E2 c
  F3 g/ D+ a" t& f. jWhat surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination?3 ]: k+ M- H$ `/ y# |" v; C& Q& {2 C+ {8 k3 b
Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk, for example, and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.) Z5 u* v, R* h$ n( {

+ q: D6 y0 O/ G$ ?- Z  O: R- qWhat can I do to protect myself from getting sick?; F. z3 L( R+ S- c' W
There is no vaccine available right now to protect against this new H1N1 virus. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:! b9 i# C% `8 O: D- T5 S/ |9 o

3 d: z8 a6 ^( G; d- m8 ]Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
8 M# p' ^* h% d7 L0 V$ PWash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective. 9 ?5 g- W( W5 }' w# l. o
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. 7 K$ h# ~2 G8 o( p( I
Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
: C3 L  H' t% U% @0 TStay home if you are sick for 7 days after your symptoms begin or until you have been symptom-free for 24 hours, whichever is longer. This is to keep from infecting others and spreading the virus further.
. h. E" ^9 ]2 g, I( o) w) _5 R2 I% oOther important actions that you can take are:
! s+ Z' H8 o/ H/ B1 E
' Z& R6 h. E# S1 NFollow public health advice regarding school closures, avoiding crowds and other social distancing measures. : y* E* y# X( v9 P' k
Be prepared in case you get sick and need to stay home for a week or so; a supply of over-the-counter medicines, alcohol-based hand rubs, tissues and other related items might could be useful and help avoid the need to make trips out in public while you are sick and contagious. 9 h; D1 c; }9 S5 Z6 J: B+ p3 n
What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?
4 O5 @8 O: l2 R( \& M4 NIf you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work or school if ill for 7 days or until your symptoms go away (whichever is longer). Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze.) T6 n" V! q; g( b. b" W" I! D! Z, v

5 |( F- G; h4 c. |& ~/ y( ~# [What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu?
  a, u4 [  X$ b9 R( Y2 J  ~Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. We recommend that when you wash your hands -- with soap and warm water -- that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn't need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands.
3 Z, S/ ?; r5 v1 Z6 `/ ]2 p" A3 D% |; P4 E# u
What should I do if I get sick?9 W6 {0 c7 I+ S
If you live in areas where cases have been identified and become ill with influenza-like symptoms, including fever, body aches, runny nose, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, you may want to contact their health care provider, particularly if you are worried about your symptoms. Your health care provider will determine whether influenza testing or treatment is needed.
0 r+ N+ u5 V9 [5 a9 v& I8 K2 r% O
; p0 M0 G7 d* h* G, K' @If you are sick, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people as much as possible to keep from spreading your illness to others.+ E1 p4 y4 M6 P
* i; c6 D# k" y
If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek emergency medical care.8 S$ y7 p; p7 f* ?
4 D* x3 n7 K0 @0 J, s) ?* X
In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:
6 d+ j) x3 M6 N( T5 @1 t# X0 W/ r+ q' E2 T8 e
Fast breathing or trouble breathing * H; Y% H& z9 s3 R' ]7 C
Bluish or gray skin color
9 G) P6 f4 F5 [' V2 T) B9 P4 rNot drinking enough fluids
9 {( W( o! O" c- \! d+ ~: b' UNot waking up or not interacting
) A* w; a: W9 U; a! {' U0 BBeing so irritable that the child does not want to be held
4 z% N+ @9 v3 y4 }5 KFlu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough 4 R) v9 v+ P4 }7 Q) E! R- L
Fever with a rash : |9 z  `; E! e" W7 v
In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:
# v2 H+ r# C7 S4 Q, ]: r; Y. H& v+ [, [+ o
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath ( k' i+ I/ Z6 {6 k0 k
Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen 7 A7 K) J! E# K$ C: W
Sudden dizziness
& [2 q6 ?2 D2 w& C5 @Confusion 7 f3 }. e2 _0 F  `4 w  T
Severe or persistent vomiting
( K" I* X8 }% D# W- I' LWhat is CDC doing in response to the outbreak?
% U- [+ c( p" MCDC has implemented its emergency response. The agency’s goals are to reduce transmission and illness severity, and provide information to help health care providers, public health officials and the public address the challenges posed by the new virus. CDC continues to issue new interim guidance for clinicians and public health professionals. In addition, CDC’s Division of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) continues to send antiviral drugs, personal protective equipment, and respiratory protection devices to all 50 states and U.S. territories to help them respond to the outbreak.8 K) _0 E1 [8 J9 a
: x+ l8 h, T0 N: r3 w
What epidemiological investigations are taking place in response to the recent outbreak?
4 b* d' W+ c8 l2 L; M1 iCDC works very closely with state and local officials in areas where human cases of H1N1 (swine flu) infections have been identified. In California and Texas, where EpiAid teams have been deployed, many epidemiological activities are taking place or planned including: * Q' m4 i0 [; o- I# c
3 [+ K$ T8 `0 J/ a8 R, F' M
Active surveillance in the counties where infections in humans have been identified; " |9 @& c1 `# K
Studies of health care workers who were exposed to patients infected with the virus to see if they became infected;
2 e) l0 X7 h) v; f) ~Studies of households and other contacts of people who were confirmed to have been infected to see if they became infected;
: d: T: z  Y9 R2 y* v, x! a; @Study of a public high school where three confirmed human cases of influenza A (H1N1) of swine origin occurred to see if anyone became infected and how much contact they had with a confirmed case; and
6 n1 c+ X( }8 r+ d4 n4 _2 [. RStudy to see how long a person with the virus infection sheds the virus. 6 ]2 t* R: Z" a: J/ F& Q% L* [
Links to non-federal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the federal government, and none should be inferred. CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links. ; m1 E& F+ c2 ^0 J# [
How long can influenza virus remain viable on objects (such as books and doorknobs)?
0 v8 R) S5 u8 [" [Studies have shown that influenza virus can survive on environmental surfaces and can infect a person for up to 2-8 hours after being deposited on the surface.) h# m- R! f  b; Q% D' F2 B

# f# R! ?: v3 `: W2 Y2 b* S0 L: ZWhat kills influenza virus?4 H$ }, i! y1 w! k; C) _9 n# P
Influenza virus is destroyed by heat (167-212°F [75-100°C]). In addition, several chemical germicides, including chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, detergents (soap), iodophors (iodine-based antiseptics), and alcohols are effective against human influenza viruses if used in proper concentration for a sufficient length of time. For example, wipes or gels with alcohol in them can be used to clean hands. The gels should be rubbed into hands until they are dry. % g+ g7 l9 j4 x( d

5 _, j4 F! m8 z7 E" X& @How should waste disposal be handled to prevent the spread of influenza virus?, E5 a( P* H2 p1 x
To prevent the spread of influenza virus, it is recommended that tissues and other disposable items used by an infected person be thrown in the trash. Additionally, persons should wash their hands with soap and water after touching used tissues and similar waste.
( C2 {: ~" R8 e" P
/ X- B9 P7 [" G4 _6 H8 H8 LWhat household cleaning should be done to prevent the spread of influenza virus?  i2 Y2 A4 J/ w+ \  |
To prevent the spread of influenza virus it is important to keep surfaces (especially bedside tables, surfaces in the bathroom, kitchen counters and toys for children) clean by wiping them down with a household disinfectant according to directions on the product label. , [! x6 H5 T9 D- k% W: W/ {8 w
* T- d1 B# W: C' B2 Q4 ~, n
How should linens, eating utensils and dishes of persons infected with influenza virus be handled?) t, a# V2 P; Q; d
Linens, eating utensils, and dishes belonging to those who are sick do not need to be cleaned separately, but importantly these items should not be shared without washing thoroughly first.
. l. E9 s+ t1 S. u6 u' w' S: `' I1 ]# ], L$ {% ~0 d  z
Linens (such as bed sheets and towels) should be washed by using household laundry soap and tumbled dry on a hot setting. Individuals should avoid “hugging” laundry prior to washing it to prevent contaminating themselves. Individuals should wash their hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub immediately after handling dirty laundry. + R3 l% {6 C3 y% h7 D- a( j) I

# |2 r' v' u* P$ gEating utensils should be washed either in a dishwasher or by hand with water and soap. . f4 O! x  H) Z" h( q. Z
' R2 ]6 q" O* a9 X
Who is in charge of medicine in the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) once it is deployed?
# {% M' Q  v$ s( m; U- yLocal health officials have full control of SNS medicine once supplies are deployed to a city, state, or territory. Federal, state, and local community planners are working together to ensure that SNS medicines will be delivered to the affected area as soon as possible. Many cities, states, and territories have already received SNS supplies. After CDC sends medicine to a state or city, control and distribution of the supply is at the discretion of that state or local health department. Most states and cities also have their own medicines that they can access to treat infected persons. * E9 @% l, r. i" f* j2 N+ o
% L, `, u% p3 @( d! `% X7 E
What's New on the H1N1 Flu Site?
% @: Y& D5 k0 P0 j" z7 C9 a- B/ r$ S: @. N

& J" j* [, @, B. G- xDate Title
7 P! P4 ]- D  D5 f  s( YSun, 03 May 2009 11:00:00 EST Daily Update - Human Swine Influenza Investigation (5/3/09)
6 C2 _/ [' a/ K+ {. \7 qCDC reports additional confirmed human infections and hospitalizations from this outbreak.
0 p' o7 a$ o7 f6 G9 G5 |3 i% QSat, 02 May 2009 22:42:00 EST What To Do if You Get Flu-Like Symptoms
3 q! E- @( K; F1 YThe novel H1N1 flu virus is causing illness in infected persons in the United States and countries around the world. CDC expects that illnesses may continue for some time. As a result, you or people around you may become ill. If so, you need to recognize the symptoms and know what to do.
( X: k. m3 Q8 H& ^/ s4 D1 h& nSat, 02 May 2009 22:32:00 EST H1N1 Flu: Interim Guidance for People With Heart Disease, Stroke, or Cardiovascular Disease
4 W! J1 B+ J( C; ^& G; h( ~! IMaintain a two week supply of your medications. Do not stop taking your medications without first consulting your health care provider. More...
0 f+ R6 M7 [8 i3 n; }Sat, 02 May 2009 22:32:00 EST H1N1 Flu and Patients With Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease and Stroke): Interim Guidance and Considerations for Health Care Providers and for State and Local Public Health Agencies9 s: W' z- u7 D3 i
Patients with chronic cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are at increased risk of experiencing an acute exacerbation of disease during influenza epidemics. 3 e* J6 l* e( |1 O, M! B
Sat, 02 May 2009 22:00:00 EST Use of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests for Patients with Influenza-like Illness during the Novel H1N1 Influenza Virus (Swine Flu) Outbreak, {  z, ^! H8 r+ h8 y' j
It is reasonable to assume that rapid diagnostic tests that detect influenza A viral nucleoprotein antigen can detect novel H1N1 flu infection in respiratory specimens as these nucleoprotein antigens are highly conserved across influenza A viruses. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the different rapid tests is not yet known for this novel virus. CDC has received anecdotal reports of false positive and false negative results. Clinicians may consider using rapid diagnostic tests as part of their evaluation of patients with signs and symptoms compatible with influenza, but results should be interpreted with caution.
6 k6 I3 S7 x0 }3 K( nSat, 02 May 2009 21:03:00 EST Interim Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Guidance for Cruise Ships/ r+ N; Z. C; S/ {% _2 M/ F% m
This document provides interim guidance for crew members and passengers of cruise ships originating from or stopping in ports in areas affected by the new H1N1 influenza virus outbreak. It will be updated as needed.
# Q8 d, Y+ Y; h: F0 ]! s5 cSat, 02 May 2009 21:00:00 EST Advice for Parents on Talking to Children About Novel H1N1 Flu (Formerly Swine Flu) Concerns
0 B) {* @! L" yAs a parent you know how hard it can be for children to understand stressful situations, such as the current situation of novel H1N1 flu. This page provides helpful tips on what you can do for your children.
  D8 f9 q& S; l2 Y& C" ^Sat, 02 May 2009 20:43:00 EST Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and Feeding your Baby: What Parents Should Know0 R3 l; v& s+ O5 L' k7 b- X5 D
Is it ok to breastfeed my baby if I am sick? Yes. Learn more.   C& C" a7 z5 i; Q2 [; ?4 T5 h1 ?
Sat, 02 May 2009 17:23:00 EST H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and You
( a) g) D2 y; m# o3 G! T2 n8 j: aTwo new questions answered: Can the novel H1N1 flu virus be spread through water in swimming pools, spas, water parks, interactive fountains, and other treated recreational water venues? Can H1N1 influenza virus be spread at recreational water venues outside of the water? " C& Z7 q% Y+ b  S7 G  e$ d' S% ]: G/ W# E
Sat, 02 May 2009 11:00:00 EST Daily Update - Human Swine Influenza Investigation (5/2/09)
4 X' D) c0 N$ G, f& R. DCDC reports additional confirmed human infections and hospitalizations from this outbreak. Early this morning, CDC provided interim guidance on school closures. . z  G. M5 C! s- |) W8 m
Sat, 02 May 2009 04:30:00 EST Images of the H1N1 Influenza Virus
/ g1 T* f8 M7 Q/ V# q& K/ uImages of the newly identified H1N1 influenza virus were taken in the CDC Influenza Laboratory. % x! G' P. ?2 V
Sat, 02 May 2009 02:30:00 EST H1N1 Flu Audio and Video Resources2 I4 u* U) k3 ?; q4 W0 h7 G
H1N1 Flu Audio and Video Resources ; H" \+ f' h' x; \) F" J
Fri, 01 May 2009 21:30:00 EST Information for Pregnant Women in Education, Child Care, and Health Care( @1 Y& v- p3 l/ c5 o
This information is for pregnant women who work in jobs where they are more likely to be exposed to people with confirmed, probable, or suspected novel H1N1 virus infection.
" V% X4 u& j* gFri, 01 May 2009 21:30:00 EST Considerations for Pregnant Women Who are More Likely to be Exposed to Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) at Work: Information for Women in Education, Child Care, and Health Care, T/ Y# j8 C+ L' c; k" a
This information is for pregnant women who work in jobs where they are more likely to be exposed to people with confirmed, probable, or suspected novel H1N1 virus infection.
6 p1 S. D  j  WFri, 01 May 2009 21:30:00 EST CDC Health Update: School (K-12) Dismissal and Childcare Facilities: Interim CDC Guidance in Response to Human Infections with the Influenza A H1N1 VirusChild Care, and Health Care
( j# o. ~0 v) xCDC Health Update: School (K-12) Dismissal and Childcare Facilities: Interim CDC Guidance in Response to Human Infections with the Influenza A H1N1 Virus $ I- k/ x( W# u  N
Fri, 01 May 2009 20:45:00 EST UPDATED H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and You8 h- a; K' T( ~0 F
Two new questions answered: What is CDC doing in response to the outbreak? What epidemiological investigations are taking place in response to the recent outbreak?   x+ H8 l0 d# r' U+ m6 J
Fri, 01 May 2009 20:45:00 EST H1N1 Flu Info for Child Care Providers
3 a% S# n0 I; G0 r7 ^Child care and preschool programs can help protect the health of their staff and the children and families they serve by calling attention to the every day preventive actions that parents can initiate to protect their children. $ }( ~' R% `; C% j5 E$ m
Fri, 01 May 2009 19:00:00 EST Video Podcast: Clean Hands Help Prevent the Flu
, e# U* h" K- p+ p% J/ {6 T: EThis podcast explains the proper way to wash your hands. Clean hands can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases, such as flu.
! V9 r* f$ \3 w6 L7 C& l$ _Fri, 01 May 2009 18:30:00 EST UPDATE Interim Guidance for Swine influenza A (H1N1): Taking Care of a Sick Person in Your Home! b$ N+ l. N, l8 ~$ f
Interim Guidance for Swine influenza A (H1N1): Taking Care of a Sick Person in Your Home
9 c) X6 I# o3 S; q" AFri, 01 May 2009 18:25:00 EST UPDATED Interim Guidance: Pregnant Women and H1N1 (Swine Influenza): Considerations for Clinicians% E1 R/ b0 }' F7 }8 B
Pregnant women with H1N1 influenza would be expected to present with typical acute respiratory illness (e.g., cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea) and fever or feverishness. Many pregnant women will go on to have a typical course of uncomplicated influenza. However, for some pregnant women, illness might progress rapidly, and might be complicated by secondary bacterial infections including pneumonia.
9 i  m) K  w- c! J1 q# T2 CFri, 01 May 2009 18:00:00 EST UPDATED - Guidance for Professionals: 3 Protocols for Laboratories
. R) `% W' K( f! F; ?% H& D0 lProtocol for Antiviral Susceptibility Testing by Pyrosequencing, Sequencing Primers and Protocol, and CDC Protocol of Realtime RTPCR for Swine Influenza A(H1N1)
# j; |1 [2 M& W: e2 _3 }, UFri, 01 May 2009 16:35:00 EST UPDATE on School (K ? 12) Dismissal and Childcare Facilities: Interim CDC Guidance in Response to Human Infections with the 2009 Influenza A H1N1 Virus
/ B) C6 m  c7 x# M* [3 TThis guidance includes recommendations on school dismissal for K ? 12 schools and closure of childcare programs and facilities and updates previously issued guidance on community mitigation interventions for this disease (April 28, 2009, http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/mitigation.htm). School dismissal and childcare closures are an important part of a comprehensive, layered mitigation approach aimed at reducing disease transmission and associated morbidity and mortality during the 2009 H1N1 virus outbreak in the US.
. e6 R1 [. E1 PFri, 01 May 2009 15:30:00 EST MMWR: Update: Infections With a Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus --- United States and Other Countries, April 28, 2009- J- k3 O$ D9 x: H( \9 `8 N
Update on infections in U.S. and other countries, April 28, 2009
' l6 ~$ S- L$ Q& OFri, 01 May 2009 15:30:00 EST MMWR: Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children --- Southern California, March-April 2009
7 n1 m3 A5 e. Q. c) F3 fSwine flu infection found in 2 children in southern California (March - April 2009) 0 c7 ~* I* v! E% B8 ^/ g0 G% Y
Fri, 01 May 2009 06:30:00 EST Update on School (K ? 12) Dismissal and Childcare Facilities: Interim CDC Guidance in Response to Human Infections with the 2009 Influenza A H1N1 Virus
1 j2 s% s$ H2 C4 fThis guidance includes recommendations on school dismissal for K ? 12 schools and closure of childcare programs and facilities and updates previously issued guidance on community mitigation interventions for this disease (April 28, 2009, http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/mitigation.htm). School dismissal and childcare closures are an important part of a comprehensive, layered mitigation approach aimed at reducing disease transmission and associated morbidity and mortality during the 2009 H1N1 virus outbreak in the US. . R5 P5 x+ j6 e9 a8 f
Fri, 01 May 2009 06:00:00 EST Spanish H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Public Service Announcements (PSAs)) l/ P/ A, p2 \
Three spanish audio and transcripts PSAs posted to provide timely messages about what you can do to protect yourself and your family: Swine Flu Preparedness, Community Planning for Swine Flu, and Hygiene Habits to Help Fight H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu). + U) g; `  ?$ N
Fri, 01 May 2009 03:10:00 EST UPDATED H1N1 Virus Biosafety Guidelines for Laboratory Workers
: e) \+ ~1 I. U' T' E" _4 j* QThis guidance is for laboratory workers who may be processing or performing diagnostic testing on clinical specimens from patients with suspected H1N1 virus infection, or performing viral isolation.
9 u- |: q0 {( FFri, 01 May 2009 01:30:00 EST H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Infections Alert for Institutions of Higher Education
4 n- [' j8 ?; F, jInstitutions of higher education can help protect the health of their staff and their students by calling attention to the every day preventive actions that can be taken to prevent the spread of influenza.
( X/ A2 g4 w" @. ~2 c% X: xFri, 01 May 2009 01:15:00 EST Guidelines for the Submission of Tissue Specimens for the Pathologic Evaluation of Influenza Virus Infections  [& M7 A5 f  a  b) o# A0 _
Viral antigens and nucleic acids may be focal and sparsely distributed in patients with influenza. Larger airways (particularly primary and segmental bronchi) have the highest yield for detection of influenza viruses by IHC staining. In comparison, viral RNA is more commonly detected in lower airways. Collection of the appropriate tissues ensures the best chance of detecting the virus by immunohistochemical stains and PCR tests.
1 U/ u% ~" G; ]Fri, 01 May 2009 00:25:00 EST UPDATED Interim Guidance: Pregnant Women and H1N1 (Swine Influenza): Considerations for Clinicians* ^, q) \4 N$ U+ ?
Pregnant women with H1N1 influenza would be expected to present with typical acute respiratory illness (e.g., cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea) and fever or feverishness. Many pregnant women will go on to have a typical course of uncomplicated influenza. However, for some pregnant women, illness might progress rapidly, and might be complicated by secondary bacterial infections including pneumonia.
& b4 P* S1 z+ u1 ~Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 EST Updated Travel Health Warning: H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and Severe Cases of Respiratory Illness in Mexico -- Avoid Nonessential Travel to Mexico& A4 R6 E2 A* P/ C7 s' T! F$ W, U3 G
Revised to link to updated antiviral recommendations for travelers.
! J$ j: c/ G8 g( vThu, 30 Apr 2009 21:30:00 EST MMWR: Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections in a School --- New York City, April 2009
$ C# E  F+ F+ L2 V  x3 N# EOn April 24, 2009, CDC reported eight confirmed cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection in Texas and California. The strain identified in U.S. patients was confirmed by CDC as genetically similar to viruses subsequently isolated from patients in Mexico. $ m" d. ^& o- F! j
Thu, 30 Apr 2009 15:15:00 EST Interim Guidance for Clinicians & Public Health Professionals
/ j; W5 U$ E; K6 Z  J0 S0 zIf H1N1 Flu is suspected, clinicians should obtain a respiratory swab for swine influenza testing and place it in a refrigerator (not a freezer). Once collected, the clinician should contact their state or local health department to facilitate transport and timely diagnosis at a state public health lab.
0 C5 V1 F/ V3 o: WThu, 30 Apr 2009 14:30:00 EST Interim Guidance on Specimen Collection and Processing for Patients with Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection! O& X* N3 ]4 ~+ F7 ?4 P2 I$ n, q
Provides interim guidance on appropriate specimen collection, storage, and processing for patients with suspected swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
) w" W  `0 n  [  g. {Thu, 30 Apr 2009 13:18:00 EST Interim Guidance?HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Considerations for Clinicians Regarding Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus
' b0 D. V# T4 h' _4 Z9 P8 J; r3 |# }Human infections with a swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus that is transmissible among humans were first identified in April 2009 with cases in the United States and Mexico. The epidemiology and clinical presentations of these infections are currently under investigation. There are insufficient data available at this point to determine who is at higher risk for complications of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. However, adults and adolescents with HIV infection, especially persons with low CD4 cell counts, are known to be at higher risk for viral and bacterial lower respiratory tract infections and for recurrent pneumonias. : c  _5 U* ?7 d" l/ }
Thu, 30 Apr 2009 11:30:00 EST Interim Guidance on Case Definitions to be Used For Investigations of Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1)Cases
6 |/ Q6 A7 J* UThis document provides interim guidance for state and local health departments conducting investigations of human cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV). The following case definitions are for the purpose of investigations of suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of S-OIV infection. ; f0 U! d. A7 a, X$ L0 Z
Thu, 30 Apr 2009 11:00:00 EST Daily Update - Human Swine Influenza Investigation (4/30/09)
6 C: N) M; Y+ c8 mCDC reports additional confirmed human infections, hospitalizations and the nation's first fatality from this outbreak. Recent illnesses and the reported death suggest that a pattern of more severe illness associated with this virus may be emerging in the U.S. 6 |9 X' d' M0 {, g+ f
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 23:45:00 EST UPDATED Interim Guidance for Clinicians on Identifying and Caring for Patients with Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection) j' }5 g9 b9 a- ^
This document provides interim guidance for clinicians who might provide care for patients with swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) or suspected swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. It will be periodically updated as information becomes available. - _9 s3 ?7 w$ n) |
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 23:00:00 EST Swine Influenza and You
* x  T) v6 E: f8 _; Z$ gTwo new questions answered: What is CDC doing in response to the outbreak? What epidemiological investigations are taking place in response to the recent outbreak?   ]% I$ G& S8 C: F! |
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 21:45:00 EST Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Information for Child Care Providers! P* O, g# I5 _- Z# Z1 H
Child care and preschool programs can help protect the health of their staff and the children and families they serve by calling attention to the every day preventive actions that parents can initiate to protect their children. $ o* d" z% S, E; t/ a$ ^( @( ^
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 21:45:00 EST Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting
: p- F# @& O0 b$ T6 I: \This document provides interim guidance for healthcare facilities (e.g., hospitals, long-term care and outpatient facilities, and other settings where healthcare is provided) and will be updated as needed. 7 ]$ v3 M4 w9 _5 z# v& o
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 21:15:00 EST Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for Management of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection
5 p( k9 O, M( YThis document provides interim guidance for 9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs), the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system and medical first-responders.
9 j( ^4 _, X4 T* VWed, 29 Apr 2009 19:15:00 EST Swine Flu Information for Concerned Parents and Caregivers# i( h0 ~' j3 U8 U8 m  g+ L
Young children, pregnant women, and people with chronic diseases like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease may be at higher risk for complications from this infection. More information about who may be at higher risk will be available when more is known about the disease. There are steps you can take to protect your family and to know when to seek medical care.
" \' H% d# Q* JWed, 29 Apr 2009 14:45:00 EST UPDATED Interim Guidance on Antiviral Recommendations for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection and Close Contacts: E6 n! D6 |$ X' I* ~7 R7 _8 k
Updated several sections. ! l7 g% p/ W% T' X  z
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 12:56:00 EST Interim Guidance for Screening for Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) by State and Local Health Departments, Hospitals, and Clinicians in Regions with Few or no Reported Cases of Swine Influenza A (H1N1)( L* ]0 g8 k, @) Q4 h
CDC recommends that state and local health departments, hospitals, and clinicians in regions with few or no reported cases of S-OIV consider the following recommendations for testing of the following persons for S-OIV infection with a nasopharyngeal swab by PCR. Also included are interim guidance on specimen collection and testing, and investigation of cases.
; H& y0 }0 x. M7 vWed, 29 Apr 2009 06:30:00 EST Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for Management of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection% t- x, h7 Z) w% Y: |+ t
This document provides interim guidance for 9-1-1 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs), the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system and medical first-responders and will be updated as needed at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/guidance/.The information contained in this document is intended to complement existing guidance for healthcare personnel, ?Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting? at http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/guidelines_infection_control.htm. 5 z* B/ l- ?5 k/ s
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 03:30:00 EST CDC Health Update: Interim Guidance--Children and Pregnant Women who may be Infected with Swine-Origin Influenza Virus: Considerations for Clinicians
, {- X+ k6 p9 m% yHealth Alert NetworkApril 28, 2009 ( P: q; A+ y7 }  }$ J
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 01:45:00 EST Swine Flu: Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Medical Products and Devices9 o# d- [6 r" T- b6 t
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in response to requests from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) to make available to public health and medical personnel important diagnostic and therapeutic tools to identify and respond to the swine flu virus under certain circumstances. The agency issued these EUAs for the use of certain Relenza and Tamiflu antiviral products, and for the rRT-PCR Swine Flu Panel diagnostic test. ' r! e0 d9 s/ P5 c* _
Wed, 29 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST Interim Guidance for Clinicians on Identifying and Caring for Patients with Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection" u; [% C: F+ l: \* r
This document provides interim guidance for clinicians who might provide care for patients with swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) or suspected swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. It will be periodically updated as information becomes available. " v2 _- V5 Y4 w2 ?2 ~
Tue, 28 Apr 2009 23:00:00 EST CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza) S3 Z* b% S: O6 @. m* y7 p
CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza for April 28, 2009 2:30PM EST
3 D$ Z) [3 v7 x: {Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:30:00 EST Interim Guidance for Clinicians on the Prevention and Treatment of Swine-Origin Influenza Virus Infection in Young Children
' L! K' \+ h" P$ K, cThis document provides interim guidance for clinicians who are caring for young children with confirmed or suspected swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
, e) E% N( g& yTue, 28 Apr 2009 21:00:00 EST Interim Guidance to Assist Airline Flight Deck and Cabin Crew in Identifying Passengers Who May Have Swine Influenza& d% O3 x# l1 H8 ?8 ?' p
This document provides interim guidance for domestic and international flights originating from areas affected by the swine influenza A (H1N1) and will be updated as needed. . c& m. ]6 T& f, X$ L
Tue, 28 Apr 2009 18:45:00 EST Swine Flu Public Service Announcements (PSAs)
* e9 m4 Q, t7 v2 w8 {7 {Three audio PSAs posted to provide timely messages about what you can do to protect yourself and your family: Swine Flu Preparedness, Community Planning for Swine Flu, and Hygiene Habits to Help Fight Swine Flu.
: t1 I+ _+ m! M+ u0 PTue, 28 Apr 2009 13:44:00 EST Interim Guidance: Pregnant Women and Swine Influenza: Considerations for Clinicians
$ y. q% i  ^8 g! y: `" f2 ePregnant women with swine influenza would be expected to present with typical acute respiratory illness (e.g., cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea) and fever or feverishness. Many pregnant women will go on to have a typical course of uncomplicated influenza. However, for some pregnant women, illness might progress rapidly, and might be complicated by secondary bacterial infections including pneumonia.
5 W3 e1 a2 }6 o/ YTue, 28 Apr 2009 12:39:00 EST Swine Influenza Investigation Update - Audio Files
# ]; w9 ?/ R7 u) Q2 r: i* IAudio now posted for two recent clinician conference calls. , F, Y1 P4 L0 k/ c  R
Tue, 28 Apr 2009 05:00:00 EST Interim Guidance on Antiviral Recommendations for Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection and Close Contacts
( y6 I5 V1 d% VProvides interim guidance on the use of antiviral agents for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. This includes patients with confirmed, probable or suspected swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and their close contacts. 2 e! w6 H! Z1 y/ U* a
Mon, 27 Apr 2009 20:25:00 EST Video Podcast: Symptoms of Swine Flu
0 c" {( K; }1 I0 qIn this video, Dr. Joe Bresee, with CDC's Influenza Division, describes the symptoms of swine flu and warning signs to look for that indicate the need for urgent medical attention.
8 d* {; v4 X5 T  P+ gMon, 27 Apr 2009 20:15:00 EST Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting1 a3 x0 H' W6 R+ c* M- r
Updated case definition. . B" M! y  Y8 y4 ^& p, X$ t
Mon, 27 Apr 2009 19:53:00 EST Travel Health Warning: Swine Influenza and Severe Cases of Respiratory Illness in Mexico -- Avoid Nonessential Travel to Mexico
; w3 T: d+ y2 g& ]0 iAs of April 27, 2009, the Government of Mexico has reported 18 laboratory confirmed human cases of swine influenza A/H1N1 infection. At this time, CDC recommends that U.S. travelers avoid all nonessential travel to Mexico. 3 v" y; H1 Z) @  d1 D. l
Mon, 27 Apr 2009 18:51:00 EST UPDATED Interim Guidance on Case Definitions for Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Human Case Investigations
+ {4 p5 e" ^2 PThis document provides interim guidance for state and local health departments conducting investigations of human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. The following case definitions are for the purpose of investigations of suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. - B  U$ {6 z8 r5 r! u" t
Mon, 27 Apr 2009 18:00:00 EST CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza
0 R+ a; n) Q6 `; _# O: S! rCDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza for April 27, 2009 1PM EST
) Z: B5 ^- q4 j; ]' XMon, 27 Apr 2009 13:00:00 EST Update: Human Swine Influenza Investigation1 s; L4 M* C$ @; s4 k
As of 1:00 PM on April 27, CDC has confirmed 40 human cases of swine flu in the U.S.: 7 in California, 2 in Kansas, 28 in New York City, 1 in Ohio, and 2 in Texas. % Z% s# B& U6 h: f8 w
Mon, 27 Apr 2009 10:00:00 EST Antiviral Drugs and Swine Influenza; u( D3 q# _! e) V$ B5 N
CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses. These medications must be prescribed by a health care professional.
, P; F2 H- ~1 Q6 B5 k4 ?" @Mon, 27 Apr 2009 00:02:00 EST Interim CDC Guidance for Nonpharmaceutical Community Mitigation in Response to Human Infections with Swine Influenza (H1N1) Virus: `0 j* F% ?# W& K. g) z, A
This document provides interim planning guidance for state, territorial, tribal, and local communities that focuses on several nonpharmaceutical measures that might be useful during this outbreak of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus aimed at reducing disease transmission and associated morbidity and mortality. . g* {* |# p9 j6 ^  Q' m
Sun, 26 Apr 2009 23:45:00 EST CDC Health Update: Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Update: New Interim Recommendations and Guidance for Health Directors about Strategic National Stockpile Materiel
( O, O/ H/ s( D) @8 Q8 c/ hAs part of an ongoing investigation into an outbreak of swine influenza A (H1N1) in the United States and Mexico, CDC today announced confirmation of an additional 13 human cases of infection with swine flu in the U.S, bringing the total number of cases to 21 so far. At this time, cases of swine influenza have been confirmed in California, Kansas, New York City, Ohio and Texas. Based on the rapid spread of the virus thus far, public health officials believe that more cases will be identified over the next several weeks. " r5 I& h7 B9 F% |3 U
Sun, 26 Apr 2009 18:30:00 EST CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza) L' e' K) T" d* m" s1 q2 L( ^$ H
CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza for April 26, 2009 3PM EST
0 d0 B. d' j# I6 i/ N! V$ {Sun, 26 Apr 2009 18:30:00 EST Swine Influenza and You5 X, E- a$ A1 M" l2 h
New Question Added
$ B' x: F2 s6 Q2 G$ }# n* pSun, 26 Apr 2009 16:00:00 EST Swine Influenza and You
! t. ~6 `$ }$ C5 mNew Questions Added 8 p+ A+ Z% w7 m3 c5 |
Sun, 26 Apr 2009 14:01:00 EST Risk of Swine Flu Associated with Travel to Affected Areas# v. d& w/ x% S2 ]2 u$ n4 w
People traveling from the United States to affected areas should be aware of the risk of illness with swine flu and take precautions. People entering the United States who are experiencing symptoms consistent with swine flu and have traveled to an affected area, or have been exposed to someone possibly infected with swine flu, during the last 7 days should report their illnesses to their health care provider immediately and inform them of their recent travel. # s7 o2 e0 W% M
Sun, 26 Apr 2009 11:41:00 EST Update: Human Swine Influenza Investigation: ^, k2 |# G5 v$ E
As of 9:00 AM on April 26, CDC has confirmed 20 human cases of swine flu in the U.S.: 7 in California, 2 in Kansas, 8 in New York City, 1 in Ohio, and 2 in Texas. # n+ D9 d6 p; P% N: i6 Y7 s
Sun, 26 Apr 2009 10:10:00 EST Media Availability on CDC Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza) x: [3 U8 P1 U7 g6 N
Press briefing from April 25, 2009. CDC's Dr. Anne Schuchat, Interim Director for Science and Public Health Programs and and Dr. Daniel Jernigan, Director of the Influenza Division.
- c7 m& Z* {7 C9 H7 oSun, 26 Apr 2009 01:14:00 EST Interim Recommendations for Facemask and Respirator Use in Certain Community Settings Where Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Transmission Has Been Detected7 r, P+ w4 a5 x) s' W
Information on the effectiveness of facemasks and respirators for the control of influenza in community settings is extremely limited. These interim recommendations have been developed on the basis of public health judgment and the historical use of facemasks and respirators in other settings.
2 z- K) }  O: O$ K7 MSat, 25 Apr 2009 21:21:00 EST Update: U.S. Human Cases of Swine Flu Infection7 Q7 ?& V% _+ L% _6 _
Human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been identified in the U.S.
. r# i1 ^  E) }1 a4 t& YSat, 25 Apr 2009 18:30:00 EST Interim Guidance for Swine influenza A (H1N1): Taking Care of a Sick Person in Your Home
) q* T; J" K1 X% s+ E3 ~* xInterim Guidance for Swine influenza A (H1N1): Taking Care of a Sick Person in Your Home
! L2 N; z* l1 q" L  d0 P, YSat, 25 Apr 2009 15:21:00 EST Travel Health Precaution - Swine Influenza and Severe Cases of Respiratory Illness in Mexico
' v. M0 y5 B7 U. p; @5 dCDC has NOT recommended that people avoid travel to Mexico at this time. However, if you are planning travel to Mexico, follow recommendations to help you and your family stay safe and healthy.
1 ~$ c0 V' Y" L7 N8 k7 MSat, 25 Apr 2009 15:09:00 EST Swine Flu and Safe Travel in the United States
* Q8 M$ z) R8 H5 d0 A5 SCDC has NOT recommended that people avoid travel at this time. However, if you are planning travel, please follow recommendations to reduce your risk of infection and stay healthy.
- M0 G- r. t( x# p8 ]4 o4 o+ DSat, 25 Apr 2009 15:00:00 EST CDC Health Advisory+ @$ q; F4 w# s* v2 u* [
Investigation and Interim Recommendations: Swine Influenza (H1N1)Distributed via Health Alert NetworkCDCHAN-000281-2009-04-25-ALT-N 3 h7 |5 T5 L: m2 @( t
Sat, 25 Apr 2009 00:15:00 EST Swine Flu Video Podcast
; ^' S1 c- a5 ~; W6 wDr. Joe Bresee, with the CDC Influenza Division, describes swine flu - its signs and symptoms, how it's transmitted, medicines to treat it, steps people can take to protect themselves from it, and what people should do if they become ill.
8 X  W$ d5 E8 o1 f, Q/ O8 sSat, 25 Apr 2009 00:00:00 EST Swine Flu Updates on CDC's Twitter Feed0 U1 c% k% l; }- G, ^
Follow CDC on Twitter to get real-time updates on the swine flu investigation
, Z" g% Z3 @2 hFri, 24 Apr 2009 22:00:00 EST Human Swine Influenza Investigation: O' d* B7 R; K, M2 S1 d
Human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been identified in the U.S. in San Diego County and Imperial County, California as well as in San Antonio, Texas. Internationally, human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection have been identified in Mexico. , h& L4 ]6 g; `6 u9 E
Fri, 24 Apr 2009 21:30:00 EST Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Biosafety Guidelines for Laboratory Workers# o3 @2 W& V' w( j
This guidance is for laboratory workers who may be processing or performing diagnostic testing on clinical specimens from patients with suspected swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, or performing viral isolation.
" X2 a3 k" ~. u# eFri, 24 Apr 2009 21:00:00 EST Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting
5 C+ z4 V1 B! BThis document provides interim guidance and will be updated as needed.
7 W; Y# C  b8 q2 _* k2 H. r  LFri, 24 Apr 2009 20:00:00 EST Interim Guidance on Case Definitions for Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Human Case Investigations' N8 i6 K( [) D; I" |3 r9 |1 h
This document provides interim guidance for state and local health departments conducting investigations of human cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. The following case definitions are for the purpose of investigations of suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. - K$ T/ k- F8 r/ p
Fri, 24 Apr 2009 19:00:00 EST MMWR Update: Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infections --- California and Texas, April 2009
6 A$ ]* v  Y/ OMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) April 24, 2009, Vol. 58, Dispatch
/ j/ \6 K$ h5 @+ {Fri, 24 Apr 2009 17:00:00 EST Swine Influenza and You
' T, l7 }( l& J" ~) g6 h0 bWhat is swine flu? Are there human infections with swine flu in the U.S.? Is this swine flu virus contagious? What are the signs and symptoms of swine flu in people? How serious is swine flu infection?... ' e( W5 f& I  @  M7 N
Fri, 24 Apr 2009 16:57:00 EST Key Facts about Swine Influenza (Swine Flu)( Z% S) Y" r, y- @/ W- `! [
What is Swine Influenza? How many swine flu viruses are there? Can humans catch swine flu?...
5 `' U. u; W) Q7 Z# s( r3 {0 @Fri, 24 Apr 2009 14:30:00 EST CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza7 U3 K) q, G; b1 a
CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza 5 [: z0 n/ {2 M7 }
Thu, 23 Apr 2009 15:30:00 EST CDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza
8 _- Z3 ?$ Y: ^" RCDC Briefing on Public Health Investigation of Human Cases of Swine Influenza
) i$ E$ c2 _8 ?* R9 lTue, 21 Apr 2009 18:00:00 EST MMWR: Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Infection in Two Children --- Southern California, March--April 2009
, [! M9 p1 w' P0 UMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) April 21, 2009, Vol. 58, Dispatch 2 ]$ ^4 X8 ]. a1 S

- t# x0 N6 J4 T: P! j9 YLinks to non-federal organizations are provided solely as a service to our users. These links do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the federal government, and none should be inferred. CDC is not responsible for the content of the individual organization Web pages found at these links. 1 }% d6 f; E- O

+ @4 j( L9 j9 g* d. { : l+ ]" W( d+ d# y& e

4 @" ~9 |* T1 V( a8 L1 l# N8 TFrom: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/

linxingxing

This is some introductions of H1N1. And you can find more informations from CDC.

tanekay

很好，支持版主

qinyi75

支持

pig

yes it is very good