再来一本病毒学经典--Virology:principles and applications--John B. Carter

dahui

( {* P& \* s/ D0 s& @

) E! i. W: J9 {( o  }! ~ [hide][/hide]' ^' s: M+ e9 ^& E
Virology - Principles and Applications. s. R- E# }5 K2 I* l
Dr John Carter (Liverpool John Moores University, UK), Prof Venetia Saunders (Liverpool John Moores University, UK)
. j% _' l1 V; E( `* v4 I' wAugust 2007, ©2007
. w& q+ i, `9 v% l- I4 Vby Dr John Carter, Prof Venetia Saunders2 S4 a" ?6 Q( H( y
ISBN 978-0-470-02387-7
. z  [/ [, s, b: G: [Preface.
& K4 m/ w, B6 D+ M0 [3 t( a3 S% n7 N0 F. }2 @% C) C; a+ C% |0 @
Abbreviations used in this book.9 J' i! {- i! A# J: @0 u
" `+ t, G9 C' o
Greek letters used in this book.1 N% a% [- J& j7 _6 U! `( ~( ?

1 i- N5 s7 I- V  {Colour coding for molecules.& a+ S& M+ P% ]1 A' U6 h

9 b6 X" D6 r, p: S" \$ o/ R2 X3 N1 Viruses and their importance.! Y: R  d- N+ c2 R' w7 L

0 a. v- Y. g- ^  `. x* C1.1 Viruses are ubiquitous on Earth.
/ B' x- _- W; ^6 k; u3 V
: U3 m" n* K+ Q* q% C1.2 Reasons for studying viruses.9 O6 f" ]8 Z1 ^& T
0 M) A4 \; A$ h! x( o2 D
1.3 The nature of viruses.+ `1 [! w! j3 `9 G: S
& l, Q8 U9 }" t
1.4 The remainder of the book.
1 `* U9 ], H* z% p/ V0 B& S* S( [" F1 S+ v5 C
2 Methods used in virology.' K: N! |' Y% I0 ~# T+ J& Y

6 K$ v  h( z; z+ R3 v" M1 k2.1 Introduction to methods used in virology.
7 c) o) h3 \7 ]/ @9 U
0 j/ z3 K0 i$ O9 H0 X7 K/ n' O2.2 Cultivation of viruses.
/ I' w; j! C, }# O/ k' B8 ]( u5 X! ]% k% k" |7 e: U# A3 l  `- s8 H
2.3 Isolation of viruses.
3 r( v- w% U- q0 Z/ U/ ?, w1 [* [3 Y1 I+ z. t' F( L- ^
2.4 Centrifugation.
, T6 t& E3 o, l' H4 @, G. \
+ M& [9 d, o) B2.5 Structural investigations of cells and virions.
) r7 \  J7 j- b. Z1 x  h1 n# [& L8 n/ j$ c: Y  n8 R7 x' W. h2 n
2.6 Electrophoretic techniques.
# E% }. O7 p! U
  U& O) |* {' q* g+ k- {8 j& M2.7 Detection of viruses and virus components.
  B( s% e- S3 E  A' K$ |( b. X3 l5 _8 J$ d9 A
2.8 Infectivity assays.
! S% m0 |( E4 L4 O6 l9 Z; i
! T3 b4 }- d) Y% Y2.9 Virus genetics.! j2 K0 Y0 a1 N! e& R8 d6 b. e' v
' s2 x% a$ V. H5 T* z
3 Virus structure.
0 Y" _! E8 y/ S1 I! O/ @
6 y$ N( j9 U5 g' L3.1 Introduction to virus structure.
0 {4 F7 r4 ?: F
& i4 \+ i3 ~' H% P# ]3.2 Virus genomes.3 b% X/ v9 B7 q2 Z! c4 O

. f7 r; P4 R8 y( @9 J; R4 c3.3 Virus proteins.
3 F0 {* Z! W8 q: {6 v. z
7 s0 x1 a" u# J, {3.4 Capsids.( p8 Y! G7 m" c, A/ `- X
8 q, e1 Y2 W' t# {* \% v
3.5 Virion membranes.# m* O2 R4 t. n6 O: X+ D# u" T: W
* N) e$ L# ~0 T6 ?
3.6 Occlusion bodies.( T. M6 c' I1 n4 w
; L: |* L; a, j$ |; `: j# ^' i  A
3.7 Other virion components.
# v' }3 c1 D9 q  x& L( z* b3 `% g  T8 F
4 W# q! [* W" [4 Virus transmission.0 u  B" O4 K5 ~- m& N
' }4 ]; V+ W& |' W. |3 |) F
4.1 Introduction to virus transmission.7 m" S+ o4 Y0 @( f) i/ j* g
1 W8 H( N( I; `" b/ ?
4.2 Transmission of plant viruses.- @/ @! Y9 K/ S' n$ i. r( N

5 y( R5 W0 Q7 k  g7 V' P4.3 Transmission of vertebrate viruses.7 ~$ x$ P! P4 k2 b9 V  }& }

2 A& z0 w- ]' b  j& L( r' B4.4 Transmission of invertebrate viruses.  n3 d1 n' K: @7 `% _1 ?. L
6 w3 F6 d: t6 S$ I8 L; t
4.5 Permissive cells." i: ?+ p% R$ L7 c$ b

- x9 ~+ o% ]8 J; ^# G5 Attachment and entry of viruses into cells.
7 S& K2 M  W1 {
- @5 g) _, L  {6 _, r1 m3 J5.1 Overview of virus replication.
; o) s  g) n3 ]6 e& F2 c  p! [
! i8 R% Q8 r# e5 Y5.2 Animal viruses.$ W% e$ |6 _$ l- ~5 C

: G7 O, G# ~4 U/ j+ u+ K5.3 Bacteriophages.4 |  X& j5 `( W. J; Q/ V- V# o
, t" e& e1 a. R: _+ P4 q' \+ _
6 Transcription, translation and transport.9 J- s0 E' u  Z6 k. f

7 R  k' J, {3 M6.1 Introduction to transcription, translation and transport.
# ]( i" t3 k+ y, E6 ^' V0 ?- P. o' X( l9 B1 a$ A4 E
6.2 Transcription of virus genomes.5 e, [: ~3 x: s9 g5 `' d7 ?- u, `

' Y+ X: x) x% d4 a0 k6.3 Transcription in eukaryotes.
2 K$ b; V3 e* A8 s( Q5 J0 d  |: i& `+ q0 k6 B7 t$ [/ n
6.4 Translation in eukaryotes.
$ l. E6 d- {8 {# s6 {9 t' q, w+ K& m& |
6.5 Transport in eukaryotic cells.: I; L$ w& ^0 b5 x5 a7 N. H
8 W+ T( z) S9 R: r! V5 j/ r
6.6 Transcription and translation in bacteria.9 Y6 B0 S2 q7 G0 K$ D0 @9 N: O
, f0 G1 V9 _* R2 @$ U6 i2 p/ Z0 u
7 Virus genome replication.
3 C* a  n9 l$ @) I# m- }  ^2 u
1 C- D2 ]- G- a2 K7.1 Overview of virus genome replication.( c9 g6 M5 E* l$ I$ P
5 |1 \# S( }- W* L
7.2 Locations of virus genome replication in eukaryotic cells.: q! G' ~; j' E
2 [& `) Y5 X# s* F9 X
7.3 Initiation of genome replication.
6 {( y9 t$ b' C1 N4 t+ s8 Q2 z6 t2 f* I" z- J# p) E/ s
7.4 Polymerases.
' `/ P1 v: A$ i  @3 C
/ M, i) q4 h" u2 [7.5 DNA replication.; D  I3 r* v; _" Y, u, k0 h& s
6 ^) W0 R" |; Z% h# `1 x
7.6 Double-stranded RNA replication.
$ C) L6 A2 \' h, @
; g1 h: r/ A# g$ M* T# m1 z$ \7.7 Single-stranded RNA replication.
' G4 d& G- D# ?5 C  c, m- |3 ?* ~- Q5 Z* }
7.8 Reverse transcription.
8 P. b9 n! ^% O9 M
1 g7 Y; `; {! Z: C1 M3 {! S/ M8 Assembly and exit of virions from cells.
' L' |! T* X4 E# h# d* G+ `2 \% e1 J( g) R
8.1 Introduction to assembly and exit of virions from cells.
* Y2 Y5 \* o) S; ?1 |& K! |' n' x. z& o6 _! G. }" Q2 i0 Z) X: O
8.2 Nucleocapsid assembly.
; u5 `2 G: i  x( ?* z' x# n3 d9 q, D# m
8.3 Formation of virion membranes.
! D( u3 {6 B1 f
* k  M) K: o; |8 m) s* ?8.4 Virion exit from the infected cell.
4 u; v  c8 h7 Y0 h# I0 C3 k9 P2 }
! I3 a+ G3 t, z- X8 U9 Outcomes of infection for the host.
  z7 \( y  z, I7 m+ a( u% d$ Z- \4 K8 o/ s
9.1 Introduction to outcomes of infection for the host.
8 d7 o  P5 F" _4 n5 L6 x3 n; b) w1 [7 F4 x- S4 X( L' L" L- v
9.2 Factors affecting outcomes of infection.6 U  j* |! Z5 ]) x7 }( |) ^$ k
( ~# u- J: d( @. T) q' F; c" [
9.3 Non-productive infections.
8 U9 D# q, l2 z2 s2 c% n7 o! I0 Y* I- w7 ^
9.4 Productive infections.
/ y; j: ?) S3 D- h( ^( d* y3 I
. _8 W6 O+ O! n9 {2 O10 Classification and nomenclature of viruses.) O" n0 T0 S6 @  g

/ [. s1 e+ o* q' H0 \/ Z10.1 History of virus classification and nomenclature.
( ?+ q) U; S* `: E# q+ a5 s2 ?2 F
+ K1 \( A( A/ u( p! i10.2 Modern virus classification and nomenclature.
0 R$ n* @2 o' A& ^" J; Y! ^+ q0 [$ j" a4 {
10.3 Baltimore classification of viruses.4 ?. i' w  _7 }) U$ A
) I6 \3 N! A* ~( }! Z0 w7 ~
11 Herpesviruses (and other dsDNA viruses).
7 n2 \( A2 D) J. ~' w- {
2 f' ~9 L7 p% z2 E11.1 Introduction to herpesviruses.
( @  \0 t5 y" `9 r/ \, C3 z7 z+ s2 k5 Y) u6 ^) z( O% M
11.2 The human herpesviruses.
2 e$ R# m5 J9 u6 W5 J0 O: g) ^- X
2 P" L( C7 _8 Z1 s# ^$ ~; I11.3 The herpesvirus virion.  T4 P4 |0 M# ]- W) J
! p. G0 z, ~% s: u1 T
11.4 HSV-1 genome organization.( i9 |3 _; e0 C
$ J- o" `* t, f. S; P4 G. M1 q
11.5 HSV-1 replication.
0 W- l, L$ j2 n: v. T
) Y# g. ]4 g% q! y, G) x% I: U11.6 Latent herpesvirus infection./ \+ ]+ ~% i( N2 {5 P/ }- Z; i

2 N# x1 W& c  f4 H: B' X! C% p9 s11.7 Other dsDNA viruses.
& ^. [; W5 M  W8 }6 g: ?* n" v
( O1 E* _1 P5 Y12 Parvoviruses (and other ssDNA viruses).+ n+ m2 d; x/ c+ W6 U1 i$ Z
9 d# c  n" ^+ e! i5 z. Z7 f
12.1 Introduction to parvoviruses.
( ~. T/ U) G; v- S9 y( o$ _
5 x. T0 y7 H. E4 e* b4 E! b12.2 Examples of parvoviruses.
3 K: t2 z' n+ k  |, W
& @. d2 h- X* {+ {8 ]4 V( {12.3 Parvovirus virion.
4 M+ \2 F  T6 s) j& P2 p
( |3 H2 [1 j8 _. g% M( o5 Z, G12.4 Parvovirus replication.# r2 M% x! h2 }/ O  l# t
: p; ~% t6 B6 q7 u  {
12.5 Other ssDNA viruses.' v% R. _$ \! Z0 c, z3 P8 ?
0 [2 x( X0 E) @' I) Y4 H
13 Reoviruses (and other dsRNA viruses).$ W3 ^" q- W( U. z$ ^- e8 b

9 P  j2 G3 n9 S7 P! c( u3 y- G, X13.1 Introduction to reoviruses.: r9 Q  ?9 m( g/ \. L0 @, x
/ A+ c* t/ T5 |
13.2 Rotavirus virion.
/ _8 T& N# ^/ f" d! a/ X1 l4 H- Q" p
  z) x* I: K$ @, u+ l3 o13.3 Rotavirus replication.' a" M' j1 q1 C  e; o3 y% B
; Y' O0 L5 J) k, G
13.4 Other dsRNA viruses.  m  X) `! c' M4 `) F& O

% k: p) @% Z6 _* l" W14 Picornaviruses (and other plus-strand RNA viruses).) B, P4 b9 H* u- J

* |9 p$ K( G+ i14.1 Introduction to picornaviruses.
; m- H4 s7 k( }/ ]# b, A$ [$ B- Z$ i
14.2 Some important picornaviruses.! E9 _0 n6 |- |
2 ?: n7 _* b& I6 _# X
14.3 The picornavirus virion.
  t. O( N( O- B0 d) w
) L. G8 o, L9 z* I) H14.4 Picornavirus replication.
  a+ h* U7 z+ _) D5 }: @
4 T" y1 o! H. l14.5 Picornavirus recombination.
3 a* w9 L; a% ]# w/ ^- M8 C8 p: z* m# N* f$ e, d  n
14.6 Picornavirus experimental systems
2 w* d+ Z0 S  X* |( k: `, u( }. O
, t; _& A: g8 P& S# l) _4 i14.7 Other plus-strand RNA viruses.7 s) s( r! }3 {2 G! ?  m; F3 u

# F- H& y  k6 ^; T' ^% Y0 m15 Rhabdoviruses (and other minus-strand RNA viruses).
% D9 l% E3 U) ?% H
5 U3 b1 \$ ]& e1 [; C* C. I8 z6 Z15.1 Introduction to rhabdoviruses.
# b0 q/ i, g7 h+ @" r* B
& U3 {. Q7 n- A+ c15.2 Some important rhabdoviruses.
/ b4 U+ o& J, {! t8 a& ?2 {% P% X$ e: b+ ?+ h6 K; [; ]% T( j
15.3 The rhabdovirus virion and genome organization.
# v$ m* m: J  p* h9 @0 ^0 ]+ o$ k6 {$ s8 O% B, @/ K9 ?/ G) `
15.4 Rhabdovirus replication.2 t. w4 M* O- ?; w# d
& K9 X* R: _# p/ l8 W8 i) S. d. n& s
15.5 Other minus-strand RNA viruses.' r/ q+ R1 R9 i

) U! {+ J' D0 ]: M( B15.6 Viruses with ambisense genomes.
" m9 u& h: K( {  J. i* P/ N$ |! ?8 W& w+ W
, M$ G) ?3 a1 \2 f- `15.7 Reverse genetics.5 ]0 O4 z: l/ Q0 V7 M4 z
; Z; Q& [+ e( v
16 Retroviruses.
7 t% [3 ^* i: b) |+ L$ Z- l5 A6 e/ F: o* G8 g6 |: S# }
16.1 Introduction to retroviruses.7 t2 b  t3 A2 f2 g6 E5 i

' ]4 a" {4 M& p- m16.2 Retrovirus virion., K6 m4 S8 c6 Q# r* n( A) L4 c

* [2 f5 }4 I& U! \5 N16.3 Retrovirus replication.
5 q; n- G( S  B* Y- B8 H" Q, X5 u3 D- E9 K, h
16.4 Examples of retroviruses.
2 j' y' u' X! _: X5 H$ D7 X0 f# R5 C6 l& W
16.5 Retroviruses as gene vectors.
: F+ i; U$ ~+ @! k( _- j
" ~9 R- E& {' V16.6 Endogenous retroviruses.6 |. \& P7 \3 Y$ r

# ?" ^* u; v. o/ V0 }% V17 Human immunodeficiency viruses.
2 |- F/ d+ V% f5 w! K
5 f. e8 Y) v: N5 t! g( o17.1 Introduction to HIV.
7 F, v7 J+ O# j% O, h1 P! ?( S; Y! Q& `) S/ f
17.2 HIV virion.
# `8 Y( b7 S, Z# O2 e* c/ M/ s5 F+ t0 u3 m) C' t1 ?
17.3 HIV genome.8 ~, |- \& _5 }) J# _

+ V. z- D) H- ~5 M$ ^4 N2 X( p17.4 HIV-1 replication.
# a7 l- |& ]' k1 F8 Y4 t$ s. d; l. C2 G4 o2 g
17.5 HIV-1 variability., s) j* T6 m  d
  b; N( U3 J5 G* B! ]! U
17.6 Progression of HIV infection.& y0 d: \/ q" x$ z

: }9 B2 H: C) [; ?, J& E$ ^  A17.7 Prevention of HIV transmission.
, k% p- ]8 Y: J
1 F2 I( E, ~. J4 c18 Hepadnaviruses (and other reverse-transcribing DNA viruses).1 W4 g( \5 x3 q& q) ^5 ~
, a) U7 T! n( U" e
18.1 Introduction to hepadnaviruses.+ N# B! f. L* m; n

" C- |0 P( j* z! _# o8 ?; v* I18.2 Importance of HBV.: G0 S1 Z$ {6 P
3 T1 ^1 `  _' ]
18.3 HBV virion.
# R) ~. j; v3 A& c8 V- l, z  \( i; z
( |) V; B# k- D) a# h18.4 Non-infectious particles.! n& }3 J$ Q2 j7 d* @5 U

, l7 X/ b( Z  F) H' G18.5 Soluble virus protein./ H- R( P8 I/ e& c* k4 I% N
" v( w+ r9 w0 m% f
18.6 HBV genome.
0 A; g$ @6 \: |+ a$ e/ F2 q
5 N, t' x- J% W$ a- r$ e18.7 HBV genetic groups.$ c1 d* l: E. K: q  ?
( f6 b# S" R; y/ h
18.8 HBV replication cycle.
: q# M# h4 v/ a, W; ~! ]( ~2 c- k0 p" Z1 d& v& K# Z
18.9 Prevention and treatment of HBV infection., A  F  M* }( o8 ~5 n
; P$ O6 b, _! G; p
18.10 Other reverse-transcribing DNA viruses.
" c" t0 ~" }/ H) O( n, s: I, S% }/ P' ^2 k  `- K
19 Bacterial viruses.
# ^# v: X; X! L0 t
9 M& ~5 F2 Z  u19.1 Introduction to bacterial viruses (bacteriophages.6 [9 W$ B- M! Q$ @

8 U  D6 I6 X1 K' q8 K4 t& zRNA PHAGES.% R9 O$ g# K& c3 \" {
/ q! V2 p! t, U. f2 s4 P
19.2 Single-stranded RNA phages.
$ r1 _6 C" {# U: i0 f
$ s& C% B; O+ t7 ?% y! M2 S: G7 _19.3 Double-stranded RNA phages.6 t) v/ s" s% R) v

3 y+ Z. k4 X/ j) Z" M& _& ~DNA PHAGES.# R+ p" N. @/ C- G4 P  E

. e: G  q. X0 h5 X. v) H5 [. ]7 R19.4 Single-stranded DNA phages.
) \7 o: s( l  _7 i& F5 y3 c/ e
' j) S/ U, p9 U19.5 Double-stranded DNA phages.) X: Q4 n6 l% Q; f

0 [9 y! T7 k# n20 Origins and evolution of viruses.
1 a( k  N0 |. Q, H6 `, V
/ @! r! C/ t& k21.1 Introduction to origins and evolution of viruses.2 m+ o( J/ ?, J0 Z* P; A, g# p

( S- L0 D6 o7 d1 q2 A- Y20.2 Origins of viruses.3 h1 E/ l. H  U5 v# ?
& P& a3 _  a/ c) K/ C- n! N
20.3 Evolution of viruses., X0 P% `& d& F2 G, l; k  M) ]

5 o$ q& u- E, Y; e' N21 Emerging viruses.1 T' F7 A1 V8 D7 ~' h9 b

6 S: F6 O" X8 u21.1 Introduction to emerging viruses
, m( E7 X5 t( Y1 y# ^4 e) S$ e5 u0 F0 Q) s
21.2 Viruses in new host species5 Y$ o3 O, S0 u$ E- ~' A

4 f% O/ L3 a3 J) c. Q2 N21.3 Viruses in new areas
9 V9 d) [' _+ @) W6 b, y6 L( w9 m- S  C7 H2 d
21.4 Viruses in new host species and in new areas( R- P/ t8 N2 Z6 D
! i* F- u: h6 g
21.5 New viruses
( O: f$ B1 z) n) [" r" d/ D' S* m: C! I8 X1 R) |% u9 E3 `) R' P
21.6 Recently discovered virus+ E9 `6 R" K3 J2 R( f7 c# i

' f# w$ }$ U4 G. Z4 [5 X21.7 Re-emerging viruses
" {- a6 P+ l5 s7 }' F8 a( E, A/ H$ q. j: l: |7 u, R
21.8 Virus surveillance
, y% K' q) g  [* w/ w5 Q' n* [. M3 ~& v4 V/ i( k( @* n
21.9 Dealing with outbreaks, b$ n3 j/ e6 v7 i( Z  b. z  x

. X2 ^0 F& y" |22 Viruses and cancer
6 r5 A1 D- Z* V+ T+ ~) T) Y; Z" i# V- R+ C* A
22.1 Introduction to viruses and cancer" X0 e( r+ i. @! e7 n. X
5 F' X/ E  m. p, \6 t+ o
22.2 Papillomavirus-linked cancers+ j; n, _+ n9 ^8 |7 _, d% p
# h" ]  t1 K2 v+ J
22.3 Polyomavirus-linked cancers
: u8 Y. R) A; R$ \$ h2 p4 p/ A7 o* u7 P
22.4 Epstein-Barr virus-linked cancers
/ n1 Z3 |3 U# y, z! ?! X
7 Z4 j- w. R  a5 f" I+ Z: G& h  B; f22.5 Kaposi’s sarcoma
2 _5 G: @; `  Z  c
7 R, ]. ?  Z0 Z+ \9 E6 T+ ^22.6 Adult T cell leukaemia
2 U$ E) F- D, s2 A9 p4 {# g) o' [: ~  ^, P6 j# m
22.7 Hepatocellular carcinoma
1 i# [; T" M; I7 T: G
0 L* q( U' ^' Q* W% u( ], l22.8 Virus-associated cancers in animals) r6 Q+ R# h* H# a" L

! ?9 b: w+ P; {. P# k22.9 Cell lines derived from virus-associated cancers.& Z! q4 y9 x5 Z+ ?0 a
7 s5 |3 c# D! H. @, f8 ?
22.10 How do viruses cause cancer?" F% L6 V- c8 N8 Y: t6 G+ h
7 N4 q- o2 h8 A$ V+ Y
22.11 Prevention of virus-induced cancers.
+ L! l' U, F* x7 P) z  U' ~3 {5 B4 E% a" K$ y
23 Survival of infectivity.6 {. w& e' W. C7 U
; R1 O3 J  W/ }! [$ l0 i7 [4 q
23.1 Preservation of virus infectivity.5 X. B) M$ _9 W1 e$ }
3 r: F/ I9 X% i$ G* D3 T4 y
23.2 Destruction of virus infectivity./ ]& _: q% O! `; m' R- Q5 z
) R6 G4 V5 ^  ]0 N, D
23.3 Inactivation targets in virions.4 @0 r5 P0 Y! B: U0 n4 U2 W# \

( n. y% f( @9 }' S23.4 Inactivation kinetics.( o' c- K" d: }

7 g' y1 I* {8 I! v. J23.5 Agents that inactivate virus infectivity.. c! P! J+ n3 C# q+ ^) y: a3 n6 z+ y7 i
" I: d9 k, R( a" W) c3 m1 O
24 Virus vaccines.; ~, ^  e8 d3 T4 @

0 A0 l% R, r; ]7 F6 i) y( b( k/ i, e% B& b24.1 Introduction to virus vaccines.
5 r& U5 p6 D% E1 f3 M2 m; O$ F, k) h1 J) Y
24.2 Live attenuated virus vaccines.1 [. Y! ?. w( J

. q, k$ K' U& e3 p+ f3 A7 t0 ?24.3 Inactivated virus vaccines.9 e' l5 q) y7 ^6 ?, s

+ m9 t8 `/ E8 C" [24.4 Virion subunit vaccines.
  Z! j0 w3 I* I9 h( ?
, [3 N& z1 {; y) ]24.5 Live recombinant virus vaccines.& D# V4 Y) M  g7 Q. N" v3 E
8 |; }3 a# B  N! ~* i
24.6 Mass production of viruses for vaccines.
  N1 Y9 `2 K3 r3 e. n. g+ I; t+ v
+ I. ]% c2 f: N0 ^2 P& Z5 Q24.7 Virus-like particles.* \2 u* |) g& v0 o4 o* P

& S+ u" v: x/ \8 s0 O$ p24.8 Synthetic peptide vaccines.4 G2 R$ F- H, c7 T
) r* U3 d) r1 A4 k' E  ^
24.9 DNA vaccines.' K) D8 K# x, g# Y2 M0 v
9 B% B  d; T; ]
24.10 Storage and transport of vaccines.
, P3 V  a, V" I% |
8 T' K! O! w, r' u9 _25 Anti-viral drugs.6 q5 e8 c; C" q6 y. F

; i' X' I% o7 |' M1 T& k25.1 Introduction to anti-viral drugs.
8 j" y# R5 p% W! |6 C3 s( n. v% A: n6 v) s2 [
25.2 Development of anti-viral drugs.
# r1 ?; Z. D- i; `( ^$ i9 ^! |/ @" O# X, P  p" o
25.3 Examples of anti-viral drugs.8 D5 X9 m$ D+ y2 X3 s

- l; `0 u- P7 s  J( r& n8 N6 |25.4 Drug resistance.
$ g% n9 l7 F+ j& K
$ ?' F% |8 D% u& i/ T. ?: k+ a25.5 Anti-viral drug research.0 p( j3 B7 L/ _0 K3 T

. j( `; i' d' ]! X3 B26 Prions.
8 L! P4 D8 K& m' x) v( A. a. j7 Y, d# c( G
26.1 Introduction to prions.
5 O5 c) j; p1 h& H; d! G7 U9 F2 x+ h* @" r' F; a: Y
26.2 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.0 O- b% W' b' h& H# `- F

% g" r, ?$ E: R1 u! l# O1 l# f! E26.3 The nature of prions.4 O5 V. G% ]: J% m
. c  z7 h6 ]; C0 V: s$ t: d8 u
26.4 Prion diseases.$ A, a) |- L% t

( l; u' B% r* e8 W2 E: t26.5 Prion strains.& }1 a9 ^$ c" X& W& @2 ~

2 o5 u: N& |3 N/ y3 _! \* y, y26.6 Prion transmission.
  Q" x! z% b( h& W3 r! i5 ~- Q- F$ V) ]) F8 k+ B3 f7 X0 D; {
26.7 The protein-only hypothesis.6 e" a, [7 J4 E2 S: \! b) ^" R: b
! a3 \6 h+ I" k, O
Learning outcomes.* O( c$ D! `6 h& D/ J9 e. s. q
$ r5 t8 x0 ?0 {) c. V, ~$ _
Sources of further information.# o3 _! t) Y+ l+ a% D  @- s% Z3 {

: R7 c# Q4 V! A  a: bVirologists' vocabulary.
8 ?) _) V3 r5 U0 J+ a7 d+ A$ c$ x; g4 R9 A6 d# F
Index.

subenjinwo

好书！

yangpan521

回复 dahui 的帖子
7 M3 L8 e' J0 m
( B$ i! z% d6 i9 c看看

chleiwu

学习

tait1

kankan

zorro

3qqq

zzc2211

好书，谢谢楼主分享

白色的风

谢谢楼主

susannajoke

好东西

stem_cell007

kankan