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Hematopoietic cells differentiate from mesoderm during
+ z8 H9 s+ o* Y7 j4 pembryogenesis, in close association with endothelial cells.' f P) \' z4 a
Definitive hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells originate( t3 U3 v1 U9 G( m+ @5 z
in distinct sites in the embryo, including the yolk sac (YS)- U" n% e7 U! r$ c" {
(Yoder et al., 1997), the umbilical and vitelline arteries (de
% T* z! O8 t( W$ G0 f; D/ SBruijn et al., 2000), the para-aortic splanchnopleura (P-Sp)
+ D2 I) F$ e6 q( k) d2 q(Cumano et al., 2001) and the aorta/genital ridge/mesonephros
* W6 j# _* ^" }7 j- c Z5 e! N(AGM) region (Medvinsky and Dzierzak, 1996). The first
+ o/ A. Y6 P# w" N4 whematopoietic cells detected during mouse embryonic3 n2 E" T. w& g. H4 ?; Y* }1 U
development are the primitive erythroid cells of the YS at+ [- v7 P5 I& `5 E: V' s7 Q
embryonic day (E) 7. One day later, before circulation between5 R) G' D( ]8 {& C; E
the embryo and YS is established, multipotent hematopoietic- A# g4 d2 t* k, l/ n/ l: J# x
stem cells (HSCs) have been isolated from the intra-embryonic
1 L. d; W7 I7 C: E) t. oP-Sp (Cumano et al., 2001) indicating that intra-embryonic- Y! f! k1 z1 a; r c4 |
hematopoietic cells can originate independently of the YS. In3 q( |- w6 d d& r4 x! n A/ \
the mouse, the P-Sp forms from the splanchnic mesoderm
2 @& K& ]0 F+ n; W& E; T0 s# e0 l(the endoderm-associated mesoderm) and the whole region0 C; _6 g0 x+ |, i$ G1 \3 ?* c
develops into aorta, gonads and mesonephros and is, w+ G7 y+ y/ c& D& ^! W
subsequently called AGM. Around E10-11, the HSC activity
2 W" V9 S9 `$ q6 S+ M! b$ [is autonomously generated in this region (reviewed by Ling: r- n) q N8 q4 ?
and Dzierzak, 2002). |
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