本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2012-9-5 01:09 编辑 9 p" m: Q2 n* R* W- K) Y+ u
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科学家利用大鼠心脏细胞造出人工水母
$ `! H B8 f7 Q( _7 |$ VNature Biotechnology % I/ P; M: l& Z. q
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8月的《自然—生物技术》报道了一种利用硅树脂聚合物和大鼠心脏细胞制造出的可自由游动的人工水母。这使得组织工程学的量化和系统化研究又迈进一步，同时也为肌肉泵设计提供了新见解。2 N. z! ^) N# l/ Y. U
& [4 H# M7 E! Y# b, v8 W# m$ ]& c Kit Parker, John Dabiri等人查阅了先前有关水母运动的研究资料，确定了水母运动的三个关键特征并设想了能够模拟出水母运动的组织工程学方案。其中，人工水母运动的供能环节是采用电流刺激大鼠心肌细胞，从而使得心肌细胞所组成的水母帽状部分发生快速、均匀的收缩。而收缩后的复原则是通过在可恢复弹性物质上生长出心肌细胞的方式实现。此外，通过针对年幼水母的深入研究，科学家发现了构成水母运动基础的心肌细胞在局部和整体上的运动模式。通过改变形状和肌肉结构，科学家成功制造出能够模仿水母游动和摄食行为的毫米级人工水母。该项研究所用到的这种定量逆向设计方案或可应用在治疗环境下的组织工程学中。! z/ ]1 Y0 U( l
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4 G( K: y: t* J. s6 V5 X4 yA tissue-engineered jellyfish with biomimetic propulsion ; \$ f% g Z1 ?, b: f
Nature Biotechnology Volume: 30, Pages: 792–797 : (2012) DOI: doi:10.1038/nbt.2269 2 J* ]: J9 v& L0 F0 ^2 N
Reverse engineering of biological form and function requires hierarchical design over several orders of space and time. Recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of biosynthetic compound materials1, 2, 3, computer-aided design approaches in molecular synthetic biology4, 5 and traditional soft robotics6, 7, and increasing aptitude in generating structural and chemical microenvironments that promote cellular self-organization8, 9, 10 have enhanced the ability to recapitulate such hierarchical architecture in engineered biological systems. Here we combined these capabilities in a systematic design strategy to reverse engineer a muscular pump. We report the construction of a freely swimming jellyfish from chemically dissociated rat tissue and silicone polymer as a proof of concept. The constructs, termed 'medusoids', were designed with computer simulations and experiments to match key determinants of jellyfish propulsion and feeding performance by quantitatively mimicking structural design, stroke kinematics and animal-fluid interactions. The combination of the engineering design algorithm with quantitative benchmarks of physiological performance suggests that our strategy is broadly applicable to reverse engineering of muscular organs or simple life forms that pump to survive.
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* a8 w6 s* `3 I* c$ o) ~$ S+ m; n2楼原文 感谢naturalkillerce 提供 | 
发表于 2012-9-4 10:12
发表于 2012-9-5 15:31
