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The CD nomenclature was proposed and established in the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA), which was held in Paris in 1982.[3][4] This system was intended for the classification of the many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by different laboratories around the world against epitopes on the surface molecules of leukocytes (white blood cells). Since then, its use has expanded to many other cell types, and more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. The proposed surface molecule is assigned a CD number once two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are shown to bind to the molecule. If the molecule has not been well-characterized, or has only one mAb, it is usually given the provisional indicator "w" (as in "CDw186").
Cell populations are usually defined using a '+' or a '-' symbol to indicate whether a certain cell fraction expresses or lacks a CD molecule. For example, a "CD34+, CD31-" cell is one that expresses CD34, but not CD31. This CD combination typically corresponds to a stem cell, as opposed to a fully differentiated endothelial cell. Some cell populations can also be defined as hi, mid or low(alternatively bright, mid or dim), indicating an overall variability in CD expression, particularly when compared to other cells being studied. A review of the development of T cells in the thymus uses this nomenclature to identify cells transitioning from CD4mid/CD8mid double positive cells to CD4hi/CD8mid.[5]
Immunophenotyping[edit source | editbeta]
The CD system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophenotyping, allowing cells to be defined based on what molecules are present on their surface. These markers are often used to associate cells with certain immune functions. While using one CD molecule to define populations is uncommon (though a few examples exist), combining markers has allowed for cell types with very specific definitions within the immune system.
CD molecules are utilized in cell sorting using various methods including flow cytometry.
| Type of cell | CD markers |
| stem cells | CD34+, CD31-, CD117 |
| all leukocyte groups | CD45+ |
| Granulocyte | CD45+, CD11b, CD15+, CD24+, CD114+, CD182+[6] |
| Monocyte | CD45+, CD14+, CD114+, CD11a, CD11b, CD91+,[6] CD16+[7] |
| T lymphocyte | CD45+, CD3+ |
| T helper cell | CD45+, CD3+, CD4+ |
| T regulatory cell | CD4, CD25, and Foxp3 |
| Cytotoxic T cell | CD45+, CD3+, CD8+ |
| B lymphocyte | CD45+, CD19+ or CD45+, CD20+, CD24+, CD38, CD22 |
| Thrombocyte | CD45+, CD61+ |
| Natural killer cell | CD16+, CD56+, CD3-, CD31, CD30, CD38 |
Two commonly used CD molecules are CD4 and CD8, which are, in general, used as markers for helper and cytotoxic T cells, respectively. These molecules are defined in combination with CD3+, as some other leukocytes also express these CD molecules (some macrophages express low levels of CD4; dendritic cellsexpress high levels of CD8). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds CD4 and a chemokine receptor on the surface of a T helper cell to gain entry. The number of CD4 and CD8 T cells in blood is often used to monitor the progression of HIV infection.
Physiological functions[edit source | editbeta]While CD molecules are very useful in defining leukocytes, they are not merely markers on the cell surface. While only a fraction of known CD molecules have been thoroughly characterised, most of them have an important function. In the example of CD4 & CD8, these molecules are critical in antigenrecognition. Others (e.g., CD135) act as cell surface receptors for growth factors.
See also[edit source | editbeta]| CD1 | an MHC-like molecule that presents lipid molecules |
| CD2 | a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, T cells, and some natural killer cells that acts as a ligand for CD58 and CD59 and is involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion; expressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. |
| CD3 | the signaling component of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex |
| CD4 | a co-receptor for MHC Class II; also a receptor used by HIV to enter T cells |
| CD5 | a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. |
| CD6 | adhesion molecule linking developing thymus-cells to thymus epithelial cells; co-stimulator to mature T cells |
| CD7 | a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, some T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and hematopoietic stem cells; expressed in patients with mycosis fungoides, some patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, and a few patients with acute nonlymphocytic lymphoma |
| CD8 | a co-receptor for MHC Class I; also found on a subset of myeloid dendritic cells. |
| CD9 | a member of the Tetraspanin superfamily expressed in a variety of cells, including: pre B cells, eosinophils, basophils and platelets. |
| CD10 | a type II transmembrane protein found on pre-B cells, germinal-center B cells, some neutrophils, kidney cells, T-cell precursors, and epithelial cells that acts as a zinc metalloprotease cleaving peptide bonds on the amino side of hydrophobic amino acids; expressed in acute lymphocytic leukemia and follicular-center-cell lymphomas. |
| CD11a | Integrin Alpha L (ITGAL), the alpha subunit of LFA-1, a membrane glycoprotein that provides cell-cell adhesion by interaction with ICAM-1 |
| CD11b | Integrin Alpha M (ITGAM), the alpha subunit of Mac-1, a complement receptor ("CR3") consisting of CD11b and CD18. |
| CD11c | Integrin Alpha X (ITGAX), the alpha subunit of (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). It is a type I transmembrane protein found on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst; expressed in hairy cell leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Also one of the defining markers for dendritic cells and hairy cell leukemiacells. |
| CD12w | phosphoprotein of unknown function present on monocytes, granulocytes, and NK cells and absent from basophils, AML blasts, and bone marrow precursors. |
| CD13 | a zinc metalloproteinase, also known as aminopeptidase N, which is found naturally on myelomonocytic cells from early differentiation through maturity; usually present on acute myeloid leukemia blasts and rarely found in some forms of lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia |
| CD14 | a membrane protein found on macrophages which binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. |
| CD15 | a carbohydrate adhesion molecule (not a protein) that mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis, found on neutrophils; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and most acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. It is also called Lewis x and SSEA-1 (stage specific embryonic antigen 1) and represents a marker for murine pluripotent stem cells, in which it plays an important role in adhesion and migration of the cells in the preimplantation embryo. |
| CD16 | FcγRIII, a low-affinity Fc receptor for IgG. Found on NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. |
| CDw17 | possible role in phagocytosis. Bacteria binding. |
| CD18 | Integrin Beta 2 chain (ITGB2). Adhesion and signaling in the hematopoietic system. |
| CD19 | B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4, component of the B-cell co-receptor |
| CD20 | a type III transmembrane protein found on B cells that forms a calcium channel in the cell membrane allowing for the influx of calcium required for cell activation; expressed in B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Important for therapy of those diseases, as an antibody against CD20 exists: Rituximab |
| CD21 | CR2, a type I transmembrane protein found in the cytoplasm of pre-B cells and on the surface of mature B cells, follicular dendritic cells, pharyngeal and cervical epithelial cells, some thymocytes, and some T cells that plays a role in signal transduction; expressed in hairy cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and some T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Receptor for complement (C3d) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). |
| CD22 | a sugar binding transmembrane protein that specifically binds sialic acid with an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain located at its N-terminus. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and the SIGLEC family. CD22 functions as an inhibitory receptor for B cell receptor (BCR) signalling. |
| CD23 | a type II transmembrane protein found on mature B cells, monocytes, activated macrophages, eosinophils, platelets, and dendritic cells that enhances capture and processing of antigen complexed with IgE. |
| CD24 | a glycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. This gene encodes a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on mature granulocytes and in many B cells. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 3p26, 15q21, 15q22, 20q11.2 and Yq11.1. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined (source: NCBI). Is also known as Heat Stable Antigen (HSA). |
| CD25 | a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2; expressed in most B-cell neoplasms, some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and neuroblastomas. |
| CD26 | Membrane-bound protease. T-cell costimulatory molecule. Cell adhesion molecule |
| CD27 | TNF-receptor. Present on the surface of resting memory B cells. |
| CD28 | present on all T-cells, and when matched with the appropriate ligand, labeled B7 which can be either CD80 or CD86, it has costimulatory effect on the T-cell. It is also expressed onEosinophil granulocytes, especially after tissue infiltration. There its ligation leads to release of potent neurotoxins, IL-2 and IL-13 as well as IFN-γ |
| CD29 | AKA integrin beta-1 - a cell adhesion molecule. |
| CD30 | a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T and B cells that may play a role in cell activation and/or differentiation; expressed in Hodgkin disease, some T-cell lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphomas. |
| CD31 | PECAM-1, a cell adhesion molecule on platelets and endothelial cells |
| CD32 | FcγRII, a receptor for the Fc (constant) region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) |
| CD33 | a marker of unknown function found on immature myeloid cells, including acute myeloid leukemia blasts and mature monocytes |
| CD34 | stem cell marker, adhesion, found on hematopoietic precursors (found in high concentrations in umbilical cord blood), capillary endothelium, and embryonic fibroblasts |
| CD35 | Complement receptor 1 (C3b/C4b receptor) |
| CD36 | Platelet glycoprotein IV or IIIb (GP IV / GP IIIb) |
| CD37 | A leucocyte restricted tetraspanin expressed primarily in B cells, but also found on T cells, Monocytes and Granulocytes. |
| CD38 | involved in ecto-ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cell activation on many hematopoietic, plasma, andB & T activated cells; marker increases with HIV seroconversion, coexpression with CD8 associated with progression (indicates persistent viral stimulation) |
| CD39 | Also known as Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1). Hydrolyzes nucleotide substrates at extremely high turnover rates, converting ATP directly into AMP without releasing ADP. Forms oligomers that are essential for its enzymatic activity. |
| CD40 | a costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells. CD40 combines with CD154 (CD40L) on T cells to induce antibody isotype switching in B cells. |
| CD41 | Integrin subunit αIIb; Gene ITGA2B. Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb): Component of the integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) fibrinogen receptor; major role is in platelet aggregation.[1]Mutations in ITGA2B can be causative for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. |
| CD42 | the platelet Glycoprotein Ib/V/IX complex(GPIb/V/IX). Expressed on platelets and is a late, specific marker of megakaryocyte differentiation. The Glycoprotein Ib/V/IX complex is essential for normal haemostasis; deficiency results in Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, a syndrome of thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. |
| CD43 | CD43 is a sialomucin. |
| CD44 | A family of matrix adhesion molecules formed by alternative mRNA splicing, that adhere to hyaluronate, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Helps maintain polarization of epithelial cells. Found on bone marrow stromal cells and many other cells. |
| CD45 | leucocyte common antigen, a type I transmembrane protein present on all hemopoietic cells except erythrocytes that assists in cell activation; expressed in lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. |
| CD46 | Inhibitory complement receptor which is ubiquitously expressed on human cells. Binding site for viral H (Hemeagglutinin) protein. |
| CD47 | Membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. |
| CD48 | CD48 is a human protein encoded by the CD48 gene. It is a universal cell membrane molecule present on all leukocytes. |
| CD49a | Integrin alpha 1 subunit. |
| CD49b | Very late antigen (VLA) alpha 2 chain; found on platelets and activated B and T cells. |
| CD49c | Very late antigen (VLA) alpha 3 chain; found on nonhematopoietic bone marrow cells. Receptor for collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin. |
| CD49d | Integrin alpha 4 subunit. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. |
| CD49e | Integrin alpha 5 subunit. Alpha chain 5 undergoes post-translational cleavage in the extracellular domain to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 1 to form a fibronectin receptor. |
| CD49f | Integrin alpha 6 subunit. |
| CD53 | A leucocyte restricted tetraspanin expressed by B cells, T cells, dendritic cells,monocytes, NK cells and Granulocytes. |
| CD54 | Intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1): facilitates adhesion between leukocytes to endothelial cells during the immune and inflammatory responses |
| CD55 | Complement Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF): regulatory factor in one of the three pathways of the immune system complement cascade |
| CD56 | 140 kD isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), a marker for natural killer cellsand some T-lymphocytes |
| CD57 | Is expressed by Natural Killer Cells subsets of T Cells, B Cells, and Monocytes. Represents a carbohydrate epitope that contains a sulfoglucuronyl residue. |
| CD58 | a membrane protein present on many hemopoietic cells and fibroblasts that acts as a ligand for CD2 and may be involved in T-cell function. |
| CD59 | Membrane attack complex inhibition factor (MACIF); MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP); Antigen MEM43; Protectin: Immune system complement cascade regulatory factor |
| CD61 | Integrin subunit β3; Gene ITGB3. Glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa): Component of the integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) fibrinogen receptor; major role is in platelet aggregation.[1]Mutations in ITGB3 can be causative for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. |
| CD62E | E-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. |
| CD62L | L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule found on leukocytes. |
| CD62P | P-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) found in granules in endothelial cells (cells lining blood vessels) and activated platelets. |
| CD63 | Member of the Tetraspanin family expressed in activated platelets, monocytes andmacrophages. |
| CD68 | 110 kDa highly glycosylated transmembrane protein which is mainly located in lysosomes. Present in macrophages in many human tissues including Kupffer’s cells and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, in lung alveoli, in lamina propria of the gut, and in the bone marrow. Used as immunocytochemical marker for staining of monocytes/macrophages. |
| CD69 | An early activation marker on T cells and NK cells. |
| CD71 | Transferrin receptor, mediates cellular uptake of iron |
| CD72 | Mediator of B-cell - T-cell interactions |
| CD73 | Also known as 5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase. Is expressed on subsets of B-cells and T-cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, follicular dendritic cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, osteoblasts and trophoblasts. Is also expressed on and used as an identification marker of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Catalyzes the conversion of AMP to bioactive adenosine at neutral pH. Also has functions independent of its enzyme activity and can transmit potent activation signals in T-cells when ligated by antibodies. Upon binding of the antibody on lymphocytes, but not on endothelial cells, CD73 delivers a tyrosine phosphorylation inducing signal. Also functions as a cell adhesion molecule and mediateslymphocyte binding to endothelial cells and adhesion between B-cells and follicular dendritic cells |
| CD74 | Transmembrane protein that assists and maintains the assembly of MHC-II complexes in the ERuntil its loaded with peptide in Endosomes. Present in all professional APCs expressing MHC-II. It is more commonly named "Invariant chain" and coded in the HLA-II gene cluster. |
| CD80 | when bound to CD28 on T-cells, can provide the costimulatory effect; also referred to as B7.1, one of the B7 molecules. Causes up-regulation of a high affinity IL-2 receptor allowing T cells to proliferate. |
| CD81 | A tetraspanin expressed in a wide variety of tissues, which plays an important role in B cells as part of the B cell co-receptor complex with CD19, Leu 13 and CD21. Also expressed in T cells, NK cells, Dendritic cells, Monocytes and blood progenitors. |
| CD82 | Member of the tetraspanin family of transmembrane proteins. Broad tissue distribution including B cells, T cells, Granulocytes, Monocytes and CD34+ progenitors. |
| CD83 | a 45 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily. Expressed on cultured dendritic cells, interdigitating, follicular, and circulating dendritic cells as well as some proliferating lymphocyte of all human cell lines. Functionally unclear, but can serve as a useful marker for mature human blood dendritic cells. |
| CD86 | when bound to CD28 on T-cells, can provide the costimulatory effect; also referred to as B7.2, one of the B7 molecules. Causes up-regulation of a high affinity IL-2 receptor allowing T cells to proliferate. |
| CD87 | also referred to as the urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor, provides a binding point for urokinase type plasminogen activator |
| CD88 | C5a receptor |
| CD89 | FcalphaRI - receptor for IgA |
| CD90 | Thy-1 Thymus cell antigen. |
| CD91 | Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) (also known as α2-macroglobulin receptor), a major endocytotic receptor with over 35 known ligands including amyloid precursor protein (APP), ApoE, and many proteins involved with protease regulation |
| CD95 | Fas Receptor- receptor for Fas ligand, an extrinsic apoptotic signal |
| CD96 | |
| CD100 | also known as semaphorin 4D and is known as a potent proagiogenic molecule. |
| CD103 | a type I transmembrane protein present on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, some circulating leukocytes, and some T cells that facilitates adhesion to epithelia; expressed in hairy cell leukemia and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. |
| CD105 | Endoglin, a regulatory component of the TGF-beta receptor-cell complex. Mediates cellular response to TGFbeta. |
| CD106 | VCAM-1; Alpha 4 beta 1 ligand. Adhesion molecule involved in white blood cell migration. |
| CD107 | Found on Platelets |
| CD107a | Lysosome-associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP1) |
| CD107b | Lysosome-associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP2) |
| CD109 | r150, Gov alloantigen, an accessory receptor of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Mediates cellular response to TGFbeta. Presents Gov alloantigens and ABH blood antigens. |
| CD117 | c-kit, the receptor for Stem Cell Factor, a glycoprotein that regulates cellular differentiation, particularly in hematopoiesis |
| CD120 | a receptor for Tumour Necrosis Factor, an inflammatory cytokine |
| CD122 | beta subunit of IL-2 receptor |
| CD127 | the IL-7 receptor alpha chain |
| CD132 | gamma subunit of IL-2 receptor |
| CD133 | a hematopoietic and CNS stem cell marker. A 5 transmembrane domain protein, with no known function. Also known as AC133. |
| CD134 | Also known as OX40; A T cell secondary costimulatory molecule which enances proliferation, cytokine production and survival. |
| CD135 | Also known as fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (Flt3) or fetal liver kinase-2 (Flk2); Acytokine receptor for Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) important in early hematopoiesis. |
| CD138 | a plasma cell-surface glycoprotein, known as syndecan-1. Syndecan functions as the alpha receptor for collagen, fibronectin and thrombospondin. |
| CD141 | Thrombomodulin or BDCA-3, an integral membrane protein. On endothelial cells, it is involved in anticoagulation. It also occurs, with unknown function, on a very rare subtype ofdendritic cells. |
| CD142 | Tissue factor, a major initiator of blood-clotting |
| CD143 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| CD144 | VE-Cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule at intercellular junctions, found mainly in the vascular endothelium. Recent research indicates that CD144 may be present on someleucocytes as well. |
| CD147 | Neurothelin. An extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. |
| CD151 | Tetraspanin with a wide tissue distribution, including platelets, Megakaryocytes, Granulocytes and erythroleukemia. |
| CD152 | Also called Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Expressed in CD4+ T Lymphocytes but also found in some B Lymphocytes. Binds to CD80 and CD86 receptors with a higher affinity than CD28, and inhibits T cell activation. |
| CD154 | The ligand for CD40. This is a costimulatory molecule that plays many roles, best known for activating B cells but also known to induce the activation of an APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. |
| CD156 | A member of A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease family ADAM8. |
| CD158 | Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) with two extracellular domains, variously expressed on NK cells. CD158a is KIR2DL1, CD158b is KIR2DL3, CD158d is KIR2DL4. |
| CD163 | M130; HbSR; RM3/1 antigen. A glycoprotein endocytic scavenger receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes. Found specifically on monocytes/macrophages and some dendritic cells. Involved in anti-iflammatory processes. Soluble form shed upon Toll-like receptor activation. |
| CD165 | Used to monitor platelet function |
| CD166 | activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). |
| CD168 | receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM). |
| CD184 | CXCR4, Stromal Derived Factor 1 (SDF1). Receptor for the CXC chemokine SDF1. A receptor involved in mesenchymal stem cell homing and migration. |
| CDw186 | CXCR6, a G-protein-coupled receptor for the chemokine CXCL16 |
| CD195 | CCR5, a beta chemokine recpeptor to which the natural chemokine ligands RANTES andmacrophage inflammatory protein bind. It is commonly used by HIV as a co-receptor to enter its target cells. |
| CD197 | CCR7, a beta chemokine recpeptor to which chemokines involved in the migration of T lymphocytes across high endothelial venules bind. |
| CDw199 | CCR9, a beta chemokine receptor involved in mucosal immunity. The specific ligand of this receptor is CCL25. |
| CD209 | DC-SIGN, C-type lectin receptor found on dendritic cell subsets |
| CD202a | Tie2, the receptor for angiopoietins, a family of angiogenic factors |
| CD220 | The insulin receptor (INSR) is a transmembrane receptor with intrinsic tyrosine kinaseactivity whose ligand is insulin. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of various metabolic pathways, as well as regulating aspects of the cell cycle, such as cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mutations in the insulin receptor have been found to be associated with both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. |
| CD221 | IGF-I-receptor |
| CD235a | Glycophorin, a protein on blood cells |
| CD271 | is the p75 Nerve Growth factor receptor (NGFR) |
| CD303 | BDCA-2, a type II C-type lectin which is involved in endocytosis of antigens for processingin plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Activation decreases type I interferon production. |
| CD304 | Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) or BDCA-4, has a wide range of functions. On neurons, it is a receptor for axon growth guidance class-3 semaphorins SEMA3A and plexin-1, on endothelial and sometumor cells it is a VEGF165 receptor, and on plasmacytoid dendritic cells it has a similar role to CD303 but does not decrease interferon production upon activation. |
| CD309 | Kinase insert domain receptor, a type III tyrosin kinase receptor involved in angiogenesis. |
| CD326 | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) or Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1 (TACSTD1). Expressed on epithelial cells and on many tumors; used as a target for anti-tumor drugs. CD326 is expressed in pluripotent stem cells. |
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