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Mesenchymal stem cells: the fibroblasts’ new clothes?
6 _4 |$ h S1 [ DABSTRACT
+ c- U3 p' b8 I4 D: T5 hMesenchymal stem cells are adherent stromal cells, initially isolated from the bone marrow, characterized by their ability3 k5 @0 N# A* A3 d7 d
to differentiate into mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage and fat. They have also been shown to suppress
, b- I& n. e( z7 L) kimmune responses in vitro. Because of these properties, mesenchymal stem cells have recently received a very high profile., S" u6 c9 G7 i3 S) m# n
Despite the dramatic benefits reported in early phase clinical trials, their functions remain poorly understood.
; `7 d$ y/ N2 n2 ~! g" eParticularly, several questions remain concerning the origin of mesenchymal stem cells and their relationship to other& p+ h6 y9 Y6 ?' m. q. C, ?
stromal cells such as fibroblasts. Whereas clear gene expression signatures are imprinted in stromal cells of different# e( w2 h- D* w, o, l+ V4 ?3 J; r
anatomical origins, the anti-proliferative effects of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts and their potential to differentiate3 z8 d4 D- v, c* P+ }
appear to be common features between these two cell types. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the+ r! h5 W3 g R/ A" { c
context of historical and often neglected stromal cell literature, and present the evidence that mesenchymal stem cells and
8 k% ?! [2 u0 p# p* k- t0 ?fibroblasts share much more in common than previously recognized.
4 }+ u d5 V8 K+ U+ b2 t- d0 `8 w- j; s, {; ^7 a3 Z
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