PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

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& D- t" a( p. N+ IPreface
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We all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or8 \( R6 x( h; ^1 t9 R/ @) G
environmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how& t* w" k* ?9 _, B( p; c# L& q( e
these environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to5 ^. Q! @  N6 i' y. k# u4 f: ^. P
determine health or the development of diseases.- D/ [( v* V$ i2 S
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence
# ~# n) L/ c3 athe health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit  v% ?; e9 `8 r; i8 l/ J
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of
; T6 A2 a9 W& G7 b  tour unborn descendants?5 t3 E# l: \; P5 g2 T
Does nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine
4 \) t- v/ p# x9 V: Dfunctions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this
1 S" }( d+ N% }5 hinfl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is& V/ \3 b* Y8 R6 a4 j
there an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
7 T; @$ q2 D3 N* U  emain questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences8 H- ^5 c. _6 S& ^, D7 I" v3 g
linking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.0 }# f% r% ^! z! }7 ~6 e! D
integratedhealthcare.eu ).
- i+ }6 J+ `9 c0 DIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the: }% N  b+ A4 V+ }* f  E
Environmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it: l8 G% u( y3 @8 n. g* l
has become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide0 U* M  |9 y; y! U5 L8 W
distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to
, t6 H5 L) |. Kmany other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,
0 e! r) ^0 @1 _such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,
1 t3 d# F: u( D) `+ G2 `and agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.
+ x, N7 i. `' \) O9 Uhtml ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and, R' d% t! @( b+ r, g" j  {! j
technological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and
# ]4 ]. q* I& U! Q. m  Rscientifi c interest.
0 m$ ?0 ~* Y7 s$ x2 LThere are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of
3 ~. S* X; e# e1 W& Bepigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of7 D; Y  e; Y% r4 t# R# z
Vienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and
: m. m2 L& E2 R  m; U# I  t: Smolecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
( |: ]7 N! B! |# X% s2 fenvironmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.
* N8 d  t1 z9 u+ R0 b9 ^  F) K& [Clearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even) C% ^2 {. k( C% O+ w5 X
correct epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary# |) ^' g! H( b1 P
concepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the, R1 t4 b  e0 Y+ N% G. ~- z1 I
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary
9 d. Q( r( e1 Igenetic dispositions can only be respected." B4 W  _" C# h
This book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding, d( h7 X+ Y, X# k5 S% X  G
of epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,7 S; {* f" _* v  b$ ?
toxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It
$ j. t0 Q! n) p# t/ g/ Yfocuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different
: }) K# R' z6 \. \3 C5 U8 @8 Hareas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.
0 _$ f6 ~. W$ q; H% \The articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts
. }% j3 `+ J* l2 T6 j# M+ mof genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,
4 w$ D6 K9 {& g) Cnutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on5 c0 n  L1 u# Z7 I/ _
environmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.
. A; O* }7 |0 M) PIn Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions
7 S* Q2 `, Q  ^5 ~is detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious
4 s) F/ q, X0 G! Ddiseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts. O/ ^6 R! E2 ^- `2 \
to translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies) B1 O7 [: P- b" _4 i1 o& A/ P
including principal ethical aspects.
, r0 K. F& X, W' h7 I* Q, EThe book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,
- f& ]# c5 }" J9 S9 C1 Y3 U& lgeneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
2 T/ a2 k  a$ f6 c7 C3 Msetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
- w0 T! D# |, s* _. J6 N' A. Uinterested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.
1 ?7 Q: s! `5 J# h  |The major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions
3 v) x! M2 m# i  D4 d1 W$ A6 I% ?between hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge4 ^' o+ q% b; v( d6 z$ y% Y
gaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic
4 F) d& e$ [  b  X; X% Pand biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,
7 ~+ ]" f: z, Pconservation biology and environmental health on the other.
7 A4 j+ N$ ]. J" V+ oWe thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
2 \% e) t7 i& |: k9 @; W3 m% ?- Pdistinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.9 {2 ]4 t$ R# i# A7 D: ]
We do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
$ \1 c/ C! `- r) U0 sand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!4 W9 P" E' F0 E  w
Vienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger, [+ T; Y+ R7 }1 k
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soldier

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