in vitro VS in vivo-------BMC Genomics文章

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Cell-Based Alternative to Animal Testing? Genomic Biomarker Signature Can Predict Skin Sensitizers, Study Finds
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8 e) _; B5 W3 ~  @6 u* cEuropean legislation restricts animal testing within the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and companies are increasingly looking at alternative systems to ensure that their products are safe to use. Research published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Genomics demonstrates that the response of laboratory grown human cells can now be used to classify chemicals as sensitizing, or non-sensitizing, and can even predict the strength of allergic response, so providing an alternative to animal testing.8 G6 s: m# |3 V5 N% F
按照欧洲法律，制药和化妆品领域用动物做实验是受到限制的，但这些产品必须保证对人体的安全，为此一些大的公司不得不寻找替代性方法。据美国科学促进会网站近日报道，最近发表在网络期刊《生物医学中心：基因组学》（BMC Genomics）上的一篇论文提出了一种前卫的替代方法，用实验室培养的人类细胞替代动物实验。通过检测这些培养细胞的反应，就能区分出哪些化学品会造成过敏，并能预测过敏程度。3 B# f# q6 y* G' \: t2 o: `* p) ^

" F' I' C, Q; j# g7 uA genomic biomarker signature can predict skin sensitizers using a cell-based in vitro alternative to animal tests) W2 u9 g3 a& @4 R
Henrik Johansson , Malin Lindstedt , Ann-Sofie Albrekt and Carl AK Borrebaeck- S* U5 ~% N* `$ e. V7 r
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BMC Genomics 2011, 12:399doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-399
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Published: 8 August 2011: S7 S- k" D7 W: q8 O: y. g

4 T. y/ b( }* _4 V- N3 X: m" wAbstract (provisional)5 z. j, p' d" O% U" {

: W& ?, I( a1 }7 FBackground
- c. `) L/ m* w  l& gAllergic contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects a significant proportion of the population. This is commonly caused by immunological responses towards chemical haptens, subsequently leading to a substantial economic burden for society. Current test of sensitizing chemicals rely on animal experimentation. New legislations on the registration and use of chemicals within pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries have stimulated significant research efforts to develop alternative, human cell-based assays for the prediction of sensitization. The aim is to replace animal experiments with in vitro tests displaying a higher predictive power.
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Results
! e/ B$ A, `% F% n8 A) PWe have developed a novel cell-based assay for the prediction of sensitizing chemicals. By analyzing the transcriptome of the human cell line MUTZ-3 after 24 h stimulation, using 20 different sensitizing chemicals, 20 non-sensitizing chemicals and vehicle controls, we have identified a biomarker signature of 200 genes with potent discriminatory ability. Using a Support Vector Machine for supervised classification, the prediction performance of the assay revealed an area under the ROC curve of 0.98. In addition, categorizing the chemicals according to the LLNA assay, this gene signature could also predict sensitizing potency. The identified markers are involved in biological pathways with immunological relevant functions, which can shed light on the process of human sensitization.
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Conclusions
- s( a& F3 g% Y; TA gene signature predicting sensitization, using a human cell line in vitro, has been identified. This simple and robust cell-based assay has the potential to completely replace or drastically reduce the utilization of test systems based on experimental animals. Being based on human biology, the assay is proposed to be more accurate for predicting sensitization in humans, than the traditional animal-based tests. : M+ u7 k- Y% v, @5 O
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细胞培养生物学的发展在解决动物福利以及动物实验的黑盒子现象中将起到积极的作用！

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