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本帖最后由 sunsong7 于 2011-1-23 17:11 编辑
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3 U1 V2 w/ e6 p近日科学家发现，土拨鼠(prairie dog)除了有自己的语言以外，字汇至少高达100个单字，还可以警告同伴“敌人来了！”据台湾“今日新闻网”报道，北亚历桑那大学(Northern Arizona University)的研究人员指出，在土拨鼠的语言里，甚至还可以形容不同人类的长相。
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土拨鼠的各式叫声如吠叫、鸣叫，其实背后存在着复杂的语言结构，因此当有敌人入侵它们的地盘时，它们可以发出警告声，呼吁同伴赶紧逃命。8 b5 f' n2 i0 k/ p0 @* M' ~
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研究人员提到，它们语言的丰富程度，可以让它们形容敌人的体型、大小、颜色以及入侵的速度。不管是土狼(coyote)、狗、还是各种鸟类，它们都有自己一套形容的方式，要同伴多加准备。
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6 h1 g3 Y. ^: I3 h% y; U6 i1 w研究人员将自己藏身至土拨鼠的窝当中，然后把土拨鼠发出的声音录下来，然后再对声音中的音调以及频率加以研究，随后发现它们在不同敌人入侵时，会发出不同的声音。, ^: ~2 @* b5 x+ o
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除此之外，研究人员还请来4位自愿者，充当“要入侵的敌人”，穿上不同颜色的衣服，发现土拨鼠对此反应也不同；同时，土拨鼠也能分辨不同身高的敌人。
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研究人员打趣地表示，虽然人类听不懂土拨鼠的各式叫声，但是它们可能就是再说“有个高个穿着蓝T恤来了”或是“有个矮子穿着黄T恤来了”。
$ b% m3 ~ u- I9 h9 EPrairie dogs have a language all of their own and 'can describe what humans look like'+ {8 a5 `. @( [) \5 X7 L. {# t
By Graham Smith Last updated at 5:49 PM on 21st January 2011% h3 G$ W$ p% k& j) Z
It's a language that would twist the tongue of even the most sophisticated linguist.% ^0 b& W$ C' m6 ?, q: a1 K
Prairie dogs talk to each other and can describe what different human beings look like, according to scientists." V/ ]6 v0 F+ M- z2 S4 j8 j
The species - only found in North America - call out to warn their friends when a predator approaches their habitat.7 W" Z' q+ x4 m$ `* M* [1 N
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2 T$ F2 |1 y6 x1 T7 e( ~Rodent species: Prairie dogs - only found in North America - call out to warn their friends when a predator approaches their habitat, scientists believe
9 Y: [ `3 t/ V" wNot only that, but they have calls for 'human', one for 'hawk' and another for 'coyote', radio station NPR reports.' [: C& i8 V1 ~3 n6 K9 e
Professor Con Slobodchikoff, of Northern Arizona University, has been studying prairie dogs for 30 years.
% Y; W0 C; L' dHe is particularly interested in deciphering their language because to do so would 'open the door for understanding how other species communicate'., z6 G4 C: X8 ?( i, u! ^
The prairie dog's barks, yips and chirping sounds are really a sophisticated form of communication that contains a vocabulary of at least 100 words, Professor Slobodchikoff claims.9 v s. r; I* D- ]! ~ B: ^: d
'The little yips prairie dogs make contain a lot of information,' he said. H7 H) q" B" T y% l+ E1 \) }
Professor Con Slobodchikoff, of Northern Arizona University, has been studying prairie dogs for 30 years# m! T" t u; B0 g z+ U
'They can describe details of predators such as their size, shape, colour and how fast they are going.6 j$ ]. B2 `2 k. d* l
'They also can discriminate whether an approaching animal is a coyote or a dog, and they can decipher different types of birds.'9 T- T3 @' S8 X+ [! R, v) ^7 D
Professor Slobodchikoff and his students hid themselves in prairie dog villages and recorded the noises the rodents made whenever a human, hawk, dog or coyote passed through.
1 Z7 N* Y+ m* Z# ^2 O+ ^. pWhat they found was that the prairie dog issues different calls depending on the intruder. The researchers discovered this by analysing the recorded calls for frequency and tone. 0 n4 l& l& B7 q, ^ H
& D/ S: k' r5 P Z% [+ A' Q3 UThey concluded that it doesn't have one call for 'danger', rather it has a collection of warning noises - or a language.
2 ?4 W3 \# `! F) s, A8 g$ RTo further develop this line of investigation, Professor Slobodchikoff gathered four volunteers and had them walk through a prairie dog village four times. On each occasion they wore the same clothing, except for different colour shirts.1 u! E* l) U$ f5 @
The prairie dogs responded by issuing different calls, depending on the colour of the volunteers' shirts.
/ i2 j8 k# _; X8 G! XProfessor Slobodchikoff then discovered they also issued different calls for varying heights, and even for abstract shapes including cardboard circles, squares and triangles.
3 }& [; p% C' THe told NPR: 'Essentially they were saying, "Here comes the tall human in the blue," versus, "Here comes the short human in the yellow."'0 ?# \! E5 v% D' k0 }
% m$ Q; R/ n% c* ahttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/scien ... mans-look-like.html }' R; } Z7 z
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发表于 2011-1-23 17:07
发表于 2011-1-23 19:36
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