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sunsong7 发表于 2011-4-20 18:08

可降解纳米球搭载细胞修复伤口

作者:Peter X. Ma 来源:《自然—材料学》 发布时间:2011-4-20

据美国物理学家组织网4月17日报道,美国科学家首次成功制造出可生物降解的新型聚合物,这种聚合物能自我组装成中空的纳米纤维球,当将这种纤维球和细胞一起注射入伤口时,纤维球会生物降解,而细胞则活下来形成新组织。相关研究发表在《自然—材料学》杂志网络版上。

该技术研发人、美国密歇根大学生物材料系终身教授皮特·马表示,这种纳米纤维球能模拟细胞的自然生长环境,因此可作为细胞载体将细胞送到伤口处,这是组织修复领域的重要进步。

由于缺乏足够的捐赠组织以及现有治疗受损软骨的方法效果有限,该技术有望为一些软骨受损患者带来福音。目前修复受损软骨的技术是将病人自己的细胞直接注入病人体内,没有模拟该细胞的自然生长环境并将细胞运送入体内的载体,注入体内的细胞稀稀拉拉,治疗效果因此并不乐观。

这种纳米纤维微球有很多孔隙,使营养物质很容易进入其中,而且,这种微球也承当了细胞基质的功能,同时也不会产生伤害细胞的降解副产品。

科学家先将这种中空的纳米纤维微球同细胞结合在一起,随后将其注射入伤口,当这些仅仅比其携带的细胞大一点的纳米纤维球在伤口处降解时,其携带的细胞已开始很好地生长,因为,这些纳米纤维球提供了一个让细胞茁壮生长的环境。皮特·马表示,这是科学家首次制造出能够注入体内的复杂细胞基质。在对实验鼠进行测试的过程中,这种纳米纤维球修复组生长出的组织是控制组的3倍到4倍。

为了修复形状复杂或怪异的组织缺陷,能被注射入体内的细胞载体要求大小非常精准,而且尽量不要进行手术。皮特·马的团队一直试图通过仿生方法,使用能进行生物降解的纳米纤维设计出细胞基质——在细胞生长并形成组织的过程中为其提供支撑的一套系统。(来源:科技日报 刘霞)  
Nanofibrous hollow microspheres self-assembled from star-shaped polymers as injectable cell carriers for knee repair
Xiaohua Liu,1, 5 Xiaobing Jin1, 5 & Peter X. Ma1, 2, 3, 4
Nature Materials Volume:10, Pages: 398–406
Year published: (2011) DOI: doi:10.1038/nmat2999
Received 19 December 2009 Accepted 01 March 2011 Published online 17 April 2011

To repair complexly shaped tissue defects, an injectable cell carrier is desirable to achieve an accurate fit and to minimize surgical intervention. However, the injectable carriers available at present have limitations, and are not used clinically for cartilage regeneration. Here, we report nanofibrous hollow microspheres self-assembled from star-shaped biodegradable polymers as an injectable cell carrier. The nanofibrous hollow microspheres, integrating the extracellular-matrix-mimicking architecture with a highly porous injectable form, were shown to efficiently accommodate cells and enhance cartilage regeneration, compared with control microspheres. The nanofibrous hollow microspheres also supported a significantly larger amount of, and higher-quality, cartilage regeneration than the chondrocytes-alone group in an ectopic implantation model. In a critical-size rabbit osteochondral defect-repair model, the nanofibrous hollow microspheres/chondrocytes group achieved substantially better cartilage repair than the chondrocytes-alone group that simulates the clinically available autologous chondrocyte implantation procedure. These results indicate that the nanofibrous hollow microspheres are an excellent injectable cell carrier for cartilage regeneration.
[img]http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v10/n5/carousel/nmat2999-f1.jpg[/img]
[url]http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v10/n5/abs/nmat2999.html#/affil-auth[/url]
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